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The weeks shown in color represent the start and end points of chemical exposure for each study.

Study Results Study Details References

Results for Phthalates (DEHP)

Alterations in the ultrastructure of β-cells in both males and females at 3 and 27 weeks. Decreases in insulin content at 3 and 27 weeks and increased pancreas weight at 27 weeks in females. Insulin content was decreased in males at 3 weeks. Changes in β cell area and mass in males and females. Alterations in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and the mRNA expression of several genes.

Subjects: Wistar rats

Chemical: Phthalates (DEHP)

Low doses tested: 1.25 mg/kg bw/d

Other doses tested: 6.25 mg/kg bw/d

Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and administered by gavage

Exposure duration: gestational day 0 – post-natal day 21 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to beyond birth)

Age of measurement: birth through week 27

Reference [PubMed Link]
Lin Y, Wei J, Li Y, Chen J, Zhou Z, Song L, Wei Z, Lv Z, Chen X, Xia W, Xu S. 2011. Developmental exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate impairs endocrine pancreas and leads to long-term adverse effects on glucose homeostasis in the rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 301(3):E527-E538.
Study Results Study Details References

Results for Phthalates (DEHP)

Alterations in blood glucose and insulin levels during the glucose tolerance test at 3, 15, and 27 weeks in males and females.

Subjects: Wistar rats

Chemical: Phthalates (DEHP)

Low doses tested: 1.25 mg/kg bw/d

Other doses tested: 6.25 mg/kg bw/d

Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and administered by gavage

Exposure duration: gestational day 0 – post-natal day 21 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to beyond birth)

Age of measurement: birth through week 27

Reference [PubMed Link]
Lin Y, Wei J, Li Y, Chen J, Zhou Z, Song L, Wei Z, Lv Z, Chen X, Xia W, Xu S. 2011. Developmental exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate impairs endocrine pancreas and leads to long-term adverse effects on glucose homeostasis in the rat. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 301(3):E527-E538.
Study Results Study Details References

Results for Phthalates (DEHP)

Increased lhβ mRNA expression in the pituitaries of females.

Subjects: CD-1 mice

Chemical: Phthalates (DEHP)

Low doses tested: 0.05 mg/kg bw/d

Other doses tested: 5.0 mg/kg bw/d

Route of administration: delivered in diet daily

Exposure duration: gestational day 0 – post-natal day 21 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to beyond birth)

Age of measurement: post-natal days 21-42

Reference [PubMed Link]
Pocar P, Fiandanese N, Secchi C, Berrini A, Fischer B, Schmidt JS, Schaedlich K, Borromeo V. 2012. Exposure to di(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in utero and during lactation causes long-term pituitary-gonadal axis disruption in male and female mouse offspring. Endocrinology 153(2):937-948.
Study Results Study Details References

Results for Phthalates (DEHP)

Increased in renin levels in both male and females treated with 0.25 mg/kg at 21 weeks of age

Subjects: Wistar rats

Chemical: Phthalates (DEHP)

Low doses tested: 0.25 mg/kg bw/d

Other doses tested: 6.25 mg/kg bw/d

Route of administration: dissolved in tocopherol-stripped corn oil and administered by gavage

Exposure duration: gestational day 0 – post-natal day 21 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to beyond birth)

Age of measurement: post-natal week 0, 3, 15, 21 and 33

Reference [PubMed Link]
Wei Z, Song L, Wei J, Chen T, Chen J, Lin Y, Xia W, Xu B, Li X, Chen X, Li Y, Xu S. 2012. Maternal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate alters kidney development through the renin-angiotensin system in offspring. Toxicol Lett 212(2):212-221.
Study Results Study Details References

Results for Phthalates (DEHP)

Increased glucose levels and decreased insulin and decreased rates of glucose clearence during glucose tolerance test at 19 months of age

Subjects: Sprague Dawley rats

Chemical: Phthalates (DEHP)

Low doses tested: 1.25 mg/kg bw/d

Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and administered by gavage

Exposure duration: gestational day 2 – gestational day 21 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 1 to day 1 of week 16)

Age of measurement: 19, 21 and 22 months

Reference [PubMed Link]
Sun W, Ban JB, Zhang N, Zu YK, Sun WX. 2012 May 19 (in press). Perinatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate leads to cognitive dysfunction and phospho-tau level increase in aged rats. Environ Toxicol .