The weeks shown in color represent the start and end points of chemical exposure for each study.
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight at 1.0 μg/kg |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.04, 0.20, or 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 13 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 5 to day 1 of week 6) Age of measurement: 14 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Haavisto TE, Myllymaki SA, Adamsson NA, Brokken LJS, Viluksela M, Toppari J, Paranko J. 2006. The effects of maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on testicular steroidogenesis in infantile male rats. Int J Androl 29(2):313-322. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight at 1.0 μg/kg at 10 through 16 days of age in females and 12 through 16 days in males |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.04, 0.2 or 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil, sonicated, and delivered via gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 13 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 5 to day 1 of week 6) Age of measurement: 10 through 16 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Myllymaki SA, Haavisto TE, Brokken LJS, Viluksela M, Toppari J, Paranko J. 2005. In utero and lactational exposure to TCDD; Steroidogenic outcomes differ in male and female rat pups. Toxicol Sci 88(2):534-544. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased incidence of unilateral and bilateral hydronephrosis; increased severity of renal lesions (always greater in the right kidney) |
Subjects: C57BL/6N mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 3.0 μg/kg bw Other doses tested: 6, 9, 12 or 24μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 12 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 5 to day 1 of week 6) Age of measurement: gestational day 18 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Couture LA, Harris MW, Birnbaum LS. 1990 Jul. Characterization of the peak period of sensitivity for the induction of hydronephrosis in C57BL/6N mice following exposure to 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Fundam Appl Toxicol 15(1):142-50. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight of males and females |
Subjects: Line C (highly sensitive to TCDD) rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 13 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 5 to day 1 of week 6) Age of measurement: 40 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Miettinen HM, Alaluusua S, Tuomisto J, Viluksela M. 2002. Effect of in utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure on rat molar development: The role of exposure time. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 184(1):57-66. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased mortality after culling for pups exposed only in utero |
Subjects: Line C (highly sensitive to TCDD) rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 13 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 5 to day 1 of week 6) Age of measurement: 40 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Miettinen HM, Alaluusua S, Tuomisto J, Viluksela M. 2002. Effect of in utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure on rat molar development: The role of exposure time. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 184(1):57-66. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased body weight in females exposed to 5.0 μg/kg at 48 weeks of age |
Subjects: C57BL/6J mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 2.5 or 5.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and administered by gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 12 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 5 to day 1 of week 6) Age of measurement: 48 weeks of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Mustafa A, Holladay SD, Witonsky S, Sponenberg DP, Karpuzoglu E, Gogal RM Jr. 2011. A single mid-gestation exposure to TCDD yields a postnatal autoimmune signature, differing by sex, in early geriatric C57BL/6 mice. Toxicology 290(2-3):156-168. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased IgG disposition at 2.5 and 5.0 μg/kg and C3 disposition at 2.5 μg/kg in the kidneys of males. Increased number of inflammatory foci in parenchyma of males exposed to 5.0 μg/kg |
Subjects: C57BL/6J mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 2.5 or 5.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and administered by gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 12 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 5 to day 1 of week 6) Age of measurement: 48 weeks of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Mustafa A, Holladay SD, Witonsky S, Sponenberg DP, Karpuzoglu E, Gogal RM Jr. 2011. A single mid-gestation exposure to TCDD yields a postnatal autoimmune signature, differing by sex, in early geriatric C57BL/6 mice. Toxicology 290(2-3):156-168. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased relative liver weight on post-natal days 14 and 25. Increased in the number of foci of extramedullary hematopoiesis on post-natal day 14. |
Subjects: C57BL/6 mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 5.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and administered by gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 12 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 5 to day 1 of week 6) Age of measurement: post-natal days 1, 14, 25, and 46 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Weinstein DA, Gogal RM Jr, Mustafa A, Prater MR, Holladay SD. 2008. Mid-gestation exposure of C57BL/6 mice to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin causes postnatal morphologic changes in the spleen and liver. Toxicol Pathol 36(5):705-713. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) mRNA |
Subjects: C57BL/6J mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 5.0 μg/kg Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 12.5 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 5 to day 1 of week 6) Age of measurement: gestational day 18.5 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Tanaka J, Yonemoto J, Zaha H, Kiyama R, Sone H. 2007. Estrogen-responsive genes newly found to be modified by TCDD exposure in human cell lines and mouse systems. Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology 272(1-2):38-49. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased body weight of Han/Wistar rats at 1.0 μg/kg |
Subjects: Han/Wistar, Long Evans and Sprague -Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.05 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 13.5 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 5 to day 1 of week 6) Age of measurement: gestational day 19.5 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Haavisto T, Nurmela K, Pohjanvirta R, Huuskonen H, El-Gehani F, Paranko J. 2001. Prenatal testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels in male rats exposed during pregnancy to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and diethylstilbestrol. Mol Cell Endocrinol 178(1-2):169-179. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased litter size of DBA/2J progeny; decreased pup survival for C57BL/2J mice between 4 and 35 days of age at co-exposure to TCDD and high fat diet |
Subjects: C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in olive oil and delivered by gavage Exposure duration: gestation day 12.5 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 5 to day 1 of week 6) Age of measurement: birth through 35 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] La Merrill M, Kuruvilla BS, Pomp D, Birnbaum LS, Threadgill DW. 2009. Dietary fat alters body composition, mammary development, and cytochrome p450 induction after maternal TCDD exposure in DBA/2J mice with low-responsive aryl hydrocarbon receptors. Environ Health Perspect 117(9):1414-1419. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased hepatic Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 expression at puberty in DBA/2J female mice independent of diet; decreased DMBA induction of hepatic Cyp1b1 among mice fed high fat diets |
Subjects: C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in olive oil and delivered by gavage Exposure duration: gestation day 12.5 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 5 to day 1 of week 6) Age of measurement: birth through 35 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] La Merrill M, Kuruvilla BS, Pomp D, Birnbaum LS, Threadgill DW. 2009. Dietary fat alters body composition, mammary development, and cytochrome p450 induction after maternal TCDD exposure in DBA/2J mice with low-responsive aryl hydrocarbon receptors. Environ Health Perspect 117(9):1414-1419. |