CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Rosenberg RS, Grass L, Jenkins DJ, Kendall CWC, Diamandis EP. 1998. Modulation of androgen and progesterone receptors by phytochemicals in breast cancer cell lines. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications 248(3):935-939. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8977.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurley PM, Hill RN, Whiting RJ. 1998. Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents [review]. Environ Health Perspect 106(8):437-445. DOI: 10.2307/3434175 .
Lemaire G, Mnif W, Pascussi JM, Pillon A, Rabenoelina F, Fenet H, Gomez E, Casellas C, Nicolas JC, Cavailles V, Duchesne MJ, Balaguer P. 2006. Identification of new human pregnane X receptor ligands among pesticides using a stable reporter cell system. Toxicol Sci 91(2):501-509. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj173.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Biogenic compound
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fang H, Tong WD, Branham WS, Moland CL, Dial SL, Hong HX, Xie Q, Perkins R, Owens W, Sheehan DM. 2003. Study of 202 natural, synthetic, and environmental chemicals for binding to the androgen receptor. Chem Res Toxicol 16(10):1338-1358. DOI: 10.1021/tx030011g.
USE REFERENCES
Fang H, Tong WD, Branham WS, Moland CL, Dial SL, Hong HX, Xie Q, Perkins R, Owens W and Sheehan DM. 2003. Study of 202 natural, synthetic, and environmental chemicals for binding to the androgen receptor. Chemical Research in Toxicology 16(10): 1338-1358. DOI: 10.1021/tx030011g
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fang H, Tong WD, Branham WS, Moland CL, Dial SL, Hong HX, Xie Q, Perkins R, Owens W, Sheehan DM. 2003. Study of 202 natural, synthetic, and environmental chemicals for binding to the androgen receptor. Chem Res Toxicol 16(10):1338-1358. DOI: 10.1021/tx030011g.
USE REFERENCES
ChemIDPlus Lite. Link
Fang H, Tong WD, Branham WS, Moland CL, Dial SL, Hong HX, Xie Q, Perkins R, Owens W and Sheehan DM. 2003. Study of 202 natural, synthetic, and environmental chemicals for binding to the androgen receptor. Chemical Research in Toxicology 16(10): 1338-1358. DOI: 10.1021/tx030011g
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: cyano ( 3-phenoxyphenyl ) methyl ( αS ) -4- ( difluoromethoxy ) -α- ( 1-methylethyl ) benzeneacetate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kugathas S, Audouze K, Ermler S, Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2015 (in press). Effects of common pesticides on prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) inhibition in SC5 mouse Sertoli cells, evidence of binding at the COX2 active site, and implications for endocrine disruption. Environ Health Perspect. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409544.
Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2011. Widely used pesticides with previously unknown endocrine activity revealed as in vitro antiandrogens. Environ Health Perspect 119(6):794-800. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002895.
Teng Y, Manavalan TT, Hu C, Medjakovic S, Jungbauer A, Klinge CM. 2013. Endocrine disruptors fludioxonil and fenhexamid stimulate miR-21 expression in breast cancer cells. Toxicol Sci 131(1):71-83. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs290.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: October 7, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: thiafluamide, "oxyacetamide/fluthamide ( FOE 5043 ) ", "experimental oxyacetamide"
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Christenson WR, Becker BD, Hoang HD, Wahle BS, Moore KD, Dass PD, Lake SG, Stuart BP, Vangoethem DL, Sangha GK, Thyssen JH. 1995. Extrathyroidally mediated changes in circulation thyroid hormone concentrations in the male rat following administration of an experimental oxyacetamide (FOE 5043). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 132(2):253-262. DOI: 10.1006/taap.1995.1106.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Machala M, Vondracek J, Blaha L, Ciganek M, Neca JV. 2001. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determined using in vitro reporter gene assay. Mutat Res 497(1-2):49-62. DOI: 10.1016/S1383-5718(01)00240-6.
Vinggaard AM, Hnida C, Larsen JC. 2000. Environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons affect androgen receptor activation in vitro. Toxicology 145(2-3):173-183. DOI: 10.1016/S0300-483X(00)00143-8.
USE REFERENCES
ATSDR. 1995. Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Link
Paulik LB, Donald CE, Smith BW, Tidwell LG, Hobbie KA, Kincl L, Haynes EN, and Anderson KA, 2016. Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Natural Gas Extraction into Air. Environ Sci Technol 50(14):7921-7929. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02762
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Zielinska B, Campbell D, Samburova V. 2014. Impact of emissions from natural gas production facilities on ambient air quality in the Barnett Shale area: a pilot study. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 64(12):1369-1383. DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2014.954735
DATE ADDED: August 7, 2014 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Incardona JP, Collier TK, Scholz NL. 2004. Defects in cardiac function precede morphological abnormalities in fish embryos exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 196(2):191-205. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2003.11.026.
Vondracek J, Kozubík A, Machala M. 2002. Modulation of estrogen receptor-dependent reporter construct activation and G0/G1-S-phase transition by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. Toxicol Sci 70(2):193-201. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/70.2.193.
USE REFERENCES
ATSDR. 1995. Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Link
Colborn T, Schultz K, Herrick L, Kwiatkowski C. 2014. An Exploratory Study of Air Quality near Natural Gas Operations. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 20(1):86-105. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2012.749447
Orem WH, Tatu CA, Lerch HE, Rice CA, Bartos TT, Bates AL, Tewalt S, Corum MD. 2007. Organic compounds in produced waters from coalbed natural gas wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA. Appl Geochem 22(10):2240-2256. DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.010
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: February 17, 2015 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Trösken ER, Scholz K, Lutz RW, Völkel W, Zarn JA, Lutz WK. 2004. Comparative assessment of the inhibition of recombinant human CYP19 (aromatase) by azoles used in agriculture and as drugs for humans. Endocr Res 30(3):387-394. DOI: 10.1081/ERC-200035093.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: March 25, 2015 DATE UPDATED: March 25, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Tamura H, Ishimoto Y, Fujikawa T, Aoyama H, Yoshikawa H, Akamatsu M. 2006. Structural basis for androgen receptor agonists and antagonists: Interaction of SPEED 98-listed chemicals and related compounds with the androgen receptor based on an in vitro reporter gene assay and 3D-QSAR. Bioorg Med Chem 14(21):7160-7174. DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.06.064.
USE REFERENCES
ChemIDPlus Lite. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Oh YJ, Jung YJ, Kang JW, Yoo YS. 2007. Investigation of the estrogenic activities of pesticides from Pal-dang reservoir by in vitro assay. Sci Total Environ 388(1-3):8-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.013.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. ChemIDPlus Lite. Link
DATE ADDED: March 24, 2015 DATE UPDATED: March 24, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurst MR, Sheahan DA. 2003. The potential for oestrogenic effects of pesticides in headwater streams in the UK. Sci Total Environ 301(1-3):87-96. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00288-7.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: March 25, 2015 DATE UPDATED: March 25, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: cyano ( 3-phenoxyphenyl ) methyl N-[2-chloro-4- ( trifluoromethyl ) phenyl]-DL-valinate
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Eil C, Nisula BC. 1990. The binding properties of pyrethroids to human skin fibroblast androgen receptors and to sex hormone binding globulin. J Steroid Biochem 35(3/4):409-414. DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(90)90248-Q.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Patel KG, Bhatt HV, Choudhury AR. 2003. Alteration in thyroid after formaldehyde (HCHO) treatment in rats. Ind Health 41(3):295-297. DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.41.295.
Rager JE, Smeester L, Jaspers I, Sexton KG, Fry RC. 2011. Epigenetic changes induced by air toxics: formaldehyde exposure alters miRNA expression profiles in human lung cells. Environ Health Perspect 119(4):494-500. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002614.
Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Lambertin L, Lauriola M, Padovani M, Maltoni C. 2002. Results of long-term experimental studies on the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in rats. Ann N Y Acad Sci 982:87-105. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04926.x.
Thrasher JD, Kilburn KH. 2001. Embryo toxicity and teratogenicity of formaldehyde. Arch Environ Health 56(4):300-311. DOI: 10.1080/00039890109604460.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fail PA, George JD, Grizzle TB, and Heindel JJ. 1998. Formamide and dimethylformamide: reproductive assessment by continuous breeding in mice. Reproductive toxicology, 12(3), 317-332. DOI: 10.1016/S0890-6238(98)00011-2.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Sanderson JT, Boerma J, Lansbergen GW, van den Berg M. 2002. Induction and inhibition of aromatase (CYP19) activity by various classes of pesticides in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 182(1):44-54. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9420.
USE REFERENCES
ChemicalBook. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: lindane, gamma-HCH, gamma-benzene hexachloride, gamma-BHC
CATEGORIES OF USE: Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Danzo BJ. 1997. Environmental xenobiotics may disrupt normal endocrine function by interfering with the binding of physiological ligands to steroid receptors and binding proteins. Environ Health Perspect 105(3):294-301. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.97105294.
Goldner WS, Sandler DP, Yu F, Shostrom V, Hoppin JA, Kamel F, LeVan TD. Hypothyroidism and pesticide use among male private pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2013 Oct;55(10):1171. DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31829b290b.
Jin L, Tran DQ, Ide CF, McLachlan JA, Arnold SF. 1997. Several synthetic chemicals inhibit progesterone receptor-mediated transactivation in yeast. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications 233(1):139-146. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6417.
Kanayama T, Kobayashi N, Mamiya S, Nakanishi T, Nishikawa J. 2005. Organotin compounds promote adipocyte differentiation as agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [gamma]/retinoid X receptor pathway. Mol Pharmacol 67(3):766-774. DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.008409 .
Okubo T, Yokoyama Y, Kano K, Soya Y, Kano I. 2004. Estimation of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of selected pesticides by MCF-7 cell proliferation assay. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 46(4):445-453. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-003-3017-6.
Petit F, Le Goff P, Cravedi JP, Valotaire Y, Pakdel F. 1997. Two complementary bioassays for screening the estrogenic potency of xenobiotics: recombinant yeast for trout estrogen receptor and trout hepatocyte cultures. J Mol Endocrinol 19(3):321-335. DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0190321.
Van den Berg KJ, van Raaij JAGM, Bragt PC, Notten WRF. 1991. Interactions of halogenated industrial chemicals with transthyretin and effects on thyroid hormone levels in vivo. Arch Toxicol 65(1):15-19. DOI: 10.1007/BF01973497.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Biogenic compound
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Davis JN, Kucuk O, Sarkar FH. 2002. Expression of prostate-specific antigen is transcriptionally regulated by genistein in prostate cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 34(2):91-101. DOI: 10.1002/mc.10053.
Nishihara T, Nishikawa J, Kanayama T, Dakeyama F, Saito K, Imagawa M, Takatori S, Kitagawa Y, Hori S, Utsumi H. 2000. Estrogenic activities of 517 chemicals by yeast two-hybrid assay. Journal of Health Science 46(4):282-298. DOI: 10.1248/jhs.46.282.
Ohlsson A, Ulleras E, Cedergreen N, Oskarsson A. 2010. Mixture effects of dietary flavonoids on steroid hormone synthesis in the human adrenocortical H295R cell line. Food Chem Toxicol 48(11):3194-3200. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.08.021.
Sanderson JT, Boerma J, Lansbergen GW, van den Berg M. 2002. Induction and inhibition of aromatase (CYP19) activity by various classes of pesticides in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 182(1):44-54. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9420.
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: GBE
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Oh SM, Chung KH. 2004 Jan 30. Estrogenic activities of Ginkgo biloba extracts. Life Sci 74(11):1325-1335. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.06.045.
USE REFERENCES
Oh SM and Chung KH. 2004. Estrogenic activities of Ginkgo biloba extracts. Life Sci 74(11):1325-1335. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.06.045
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Tamir S, Eizenberg M, Somjen D, Stern N, Shelach R, Kaye A, Vaya J. 2000. Estrogenic and antiproliferative properties of glabridin from licorice in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 60(20):5704-5709. Link.
USE REFERENCES
PUBCHEM. Glabridin. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Katagiri H, Yamamoto T, Uchimura A, Tsunoda M, Aizawa Y, Yamauchi H. 2011. The alterations in neurotransmitters and their metabolites in discrete brain regions in the rats after inhalation of disinfectant, glutaraldehyde or ortho-phthalaldehyde for 4 weeks. Ind Health 49(3):328-337. DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.MS1156.
Sano LL, Krueger AM, Landrum PF. 2005. Chronic toxicity of glutaraldehyde: differential sensitivity of three freshwater organisms. Aquat Toxicol 71(3):283-296. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.12.001.
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US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: August 12, 2014 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Burow ME, Boue SM, Collins-Burow BM, Melnik LI, Duong BN, Carter-Wientjes CH, Li S, Wiese TE, Cleveland TE, McLachlan JA. 2001. Phytochemical glyceollins, isolated from soy, mediate antihormonal effects through estrogen receptor alpha and beta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86(4):1750-1758. DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.4.7430.
USE REFERENCES
Burow ME, Boue SM, Collins-Burow BM, Melnik LI, Duong BN, Carter-Wientjes CH, Li S, Wiese TE, Cleveland TE, McLachlan JA. 2001. Phytochemical glyceollins, isolated from soy, mediate antihormonal effects through estrogen receptor alpha and beta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86(4):1750-1758. DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.4.7430
PUBCHEM. Glyceollin - Compound Summary. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Biogenic compound
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0.
USE REFERENCES
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: N- ( phosphonomethyl ) glycine
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Paganelli A, Gnazzo V, Acosta H, Lopez SL, Carrasco AE. 2010. Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Produce Teratogenic Effects on Vertebrates by Impairing Retinoic Acid Signaling. Chem Res Toxicol 23(10):1586-1595. DOI: 10.1021/tx1001749.
Perego MC, Schutz LF, Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Albonico M, and Spicer LJ, 2016. Evidence for direct effects of glyphosate on ovarian function: glyphosate influences steroidogenesis and proliferation of bovine granulosa but not theca cells in vitro. Journal of Applied Toxicology 37(6):692-698. DOI: 10.1002/jat.3417.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: Roundup
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Benachour N, Sipahutar H, Moslemi S, Gasnier C, Travert C, Séralini GE. 2007. Time- and dose-dependent effects of Roundup on human embryonic and placental cells. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 53(1):126-133. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-006-0154-8.
de Souza JS, Kizys MML, da Conceição RR, Glebocki G, Romano RM, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Giannocco G, da Silva IDCG, da Silva MRD, Romano MA, and Chiamolera MI, 2017. Perinatal exposure to glyphosate-based herbicide alters the thyrotrophic axis and causes thyroid hormone homeostasis imbalance in male rats. Toxicology, 377, pp.25-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.005.
Paganelli A, Gnazzo V, Acosta H, Lopez SL, Carrasco AE. 2010. Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Produce Teratogenic Effects on Vertebrates by Impairing Retinoic Acid Signaling. Chem Res Toxicol 23(10):1586-1595. DOI: 10.1021/tx1001749.
Richard S, Moslemi S, Sipahutar H, Benachour N, Seralini GE. 2005. Differential effects of glyphosate and Roundup on human placental cells and aromatase. Environ Health Perspect 113(6):716-720. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7728.
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Martinez TT, Brown K. 1991. Oral and pulmonary toxicology of the surfactant used in Roundup herbicide. Proc West Pharmacol Soc 34:43-46 Link
Williams GM, Kroes R, Munro IC. 2000. Safety evaluation and risk assessment of the herbicide Roundup and its active ingredient, glyphosate, for humans. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 31(2 Pt 1):117-165. DOI: 10.1006/rtph.1999.1371
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Villalobos SA, Papoulias DM, Meadows J, Blankenship AL, Pastva SD, Kannan K, Hinton DE, Tillitt DE, Giesy JP. 2000. Toxic responses of medaka, d-rR strain, to polychlorinated naphthalene mixtures after embryonic exposure by in ovo nanoinjection: a partial life-cycle assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 19(2):432-440. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620190224.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Villalobos SA, Papoulias DM, Meadows J, Blankenship AL, Pastva SD, Kannan K, Hinton DE, Tillitt DE, Giesy JP. 2000. Toxic responses of medaka, d-rR strain, to polychlorinated naphthalene mixtures after embryonic exposure by in ovo nanoinjection: a partial life-cycle assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 19(2):432-440. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620190224.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: octachloronaphthalene
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Villalobos SA, Papoulias DM, Meadows J, Blankenship AL, Pastva SD, Kannan K, Hinton DE, Tillitt DE, Giesy JP. 2000. Toxic responses of medaka, d-rR strain, to polychlorinated naphthalene mixtures after embryonic exposure by in ovo nanoinjection: a partial life-cycle assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 19(2):432-440. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620190224.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Abalis IM, Eldefrawi ME, Eldefrawi AT. 1985. High-affinity stereospecific binding of cyclodiene insecticides and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane to gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors of rat brain. Pesticide Biochemistry & Physiology 24(1):95-102. DOI: 10.1016/0048-3575(85)90118-X.
Amita Rani BE, Krishnakumari MK. 1995. Prenatal toxicity of heptachlor in albino rats. Pharmacology & Toxicology 76(2):112-114. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1995.tb00114.x.
Goldner WS, Sandler DP, Yu F, Shostrom V, Hoppin JA, Kamel F, LeVan TD. Hypothyroidism and pesticide use among male private pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2013 Oct;55(10):1171. DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31829b290b.
Haake J, Kelley M, Keys B, Safe S. 1987. The effects of organochlorine pesticides as inducers of testosterone and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylases. Gen Pharmacol 18(2):165-169. DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(87)90244-8.
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Oduma JA, Wango EO, Oduorokelo D, Makawiti DW, Odongo H. 1995. In vivo and in vitro effects of graded doses of the pesticide heptachlor on female sex steroid hormone production in rats. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology C: Comparative Pharmacology & Toxicology 111(2):191-196. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Abalis IM, Eldefrawi ME, Eldefrawi AT. 1985. High-affinity stereospecific binding of cyclodiene insecticides and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane to gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors of rat brain. Pesticide Biochemistry & Physiology 24(1):95-102. DOI: 10.1016/0048-3575(85)90118-X.
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: heptyl 4-hydroxybenzoate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Food additives and contact material
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Blair RM, Fang H, Branham WS, Hass BS, Dial SL, Moland CL, Tong W, Shi L, Perkins R, Sheehan DM. 2000. The estrogen receptor relative binding affinities of 188 natural and xenochemicals: structural diversity of ligands. Toxicol Sci 54(1):138-153. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/54.1.138.
USE REFERENCES
Davidson PM, Juneja VK, Branen J. Antimicrobial Agents. pp 596-659 In: Branen AL, Davidson PM, Salminen S, Thorngate JH III (eds.). 2002. Food Additives, Second Edition. Basel: Marcel Dekker AG. Link
DATE ADDED: October 7, 2013 DATE UPDATED: October 7, 2013
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 5 , 7-dihydroxy-2- ( 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl ) chroman-4-one
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Food additives and contact material, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Rosenberg RS, Grass L, Jenkins DJ, Kendall CWC, Diamandis EP. 1998. Modulation of androgen and progesterone receptors by phytochemicals in breast cancer cell lines. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications 248(3):935-939. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8977.
USE REFERENCES
PUBCHEM. Hesperetin. Link
Rosenberg RS, Grass L, Jenkins DJ, Kendall CWC, Diamandis EP. 1998. Modulation of androgen and progesterone receptors by phytochemicals in breast cancer cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 248(3):935-939. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8977
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 17, 2013
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: HBCD, 1 , 2 , 5 , 6 , 9 , 10-hexabromocyclododecane
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hamers T, Kamstra JH, Sonneveld E, Murk AJ, Kester MH, Andersson PL, Legler J, Brouwer A. 2006. In vitro profiling of the endocrine-disrupting potency of brominated flame retardants. Toxicol Sci 92(1):157-173. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj187.
Yamada-Okabe T, Sakai H, Kashima Y, Yamada-Okabe H. 2005. Modulation at a cellular level of the thyroid hormone receptor-mediated gene expression by 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), 4,4'-diiodobiphenyl (DIB), and nitrofen (NIP). Toxicol Lett 155(1):127-133. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.09.005.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 24, 2013 DATE UPDATED: August 4, 2014
ALTERNATIVE NAME: HBCD-alpha
CATEGORY OF USE: Flame retardant
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hamers T, Kamstra JH, Sonneveld E, Murk AJ, Kester MH, Andersson PL, Legler J, Brouwer A. 2006. In vitro profiling of the endocrine-disrupting potency of brominated flame retardants. Toxicol Sci 92(1):157-173. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj187.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. (hexabromocyclododecane) Link
DATE ADDED: August 7, 2014 DATE UPDATED: August 7, 2014
ALTERNATIVE NAME: HBCD-beta
CATEGORY OF USE: Flame retardant
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hamers T, Kamstra JH, Sonneveld E, Murk AJ, Kester MH, Andersson PL, Legler J, Brouwer A. 2006. In vitro profiling of the endocrine-disrupting potency of brominated flame retardants. Toxicol Sci 92(1):157-173. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj187.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. (hexabromocyclododecane) Link
DATE ADDED: August 7, 2014 DATE UPDATED: August 7, 2014
ALTERNATIVE NAME: HBCD-gamma
CATEGORY OF USE: Flame retardant
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hamers T, Kamstra JH, Sonneveld E, Murk AJ, Kester MH, Andersson PL, Legler J, Brouwer A. 2006. In vitro profiling of the endocrine-disrupting potency of brominated flame retardants. Toxicol Sci 92(1):157-173. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj187.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. (hexabromocyclododecane) Link
DATE ADDED: August 7, 2014 DATE UPDATED: August 7, 2014
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: palmitic acid, palmitate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Azevedo-Martins AK, Monteiro AP, Lima CL, Lenzen S, Curi R. 2006. Fatty acid-induced toxicity and neutral lipid accumulation in insulin-producing RINm5F cells. Toxicol In Vitro 20(7):1106-1113. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.02.007.
Beeharry N, Lowe JE, Hernandez AR, Chambers JA, Fucassi F, Cragg PJ, Green MH, Green IC. 2003. Linoleic acid and antioxidants protect against DNA damage and apoptosis induced by palmitic acid. Mutat Res 530(1-2):27-33. DOI: 10.1016/S0027-5107(03)00134-9.
Xiao J, Gregersen S, Pedersen SB, Hermansen K. 2002. Differential impact of acute and chronic lipotoxicity on gene expression in INS-1 cells. Metabolism 51(2):155-162. DOI: 10.1053/meta.2002.29977.
USE REFERENCES
The Endocrine Disruption Exchange. 2011. Multistate Report Spreadsheet. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: HCB, perchlorobenzene
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Smith AG, Dinsdale D, Cabral JRP, Wright AL. 1987. Goiter and wasting induced in hamsters by hexachlorobenzene. Arch Toxicol 60(5):343-349. DOI: 10.1007/BF00295753.
Van den Berg KJ, van Raaij JAGM, Bragt PC, Notten WRF. 1991. Interactions of halogenated industrial chemicals with transthyretin and effects on thyroid hormone levels in vivo. Arch Toxicol 65(1):15-19. DOI: 10.1007/BF01973497.
Visser TJ, Kaptein E, van Toor H, van Raaij JAGM, van den Berg KJ, Joe CTT, van Engelen JGM, Brouwer A. 1993. Glucuronidation of thyroid hormone in rat liver: Effects of in vivo treatment with microsomal enzyme inducers and in vitro assay conditions. Endocrinology 133(5):2177-2186. DOI: 10.1210/endo.133.5.8404669.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 2 , 2'-methylenebis ( 3 , 4 , 6-trichlorophenol )
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Van den Berg KJ, van Raaij JAGM, Bragt PC, Notten WRF. 1991. Interactions of halogenated industrial chemicals with transthyretin and effects on thyroid hormone levels in vivo. Arch Toxicol 65(1):15-19. DOI: 10.1007/BF01973497.
van den Berg KJ. 1990. Interaction of chlorinated phenols with thyroxine binding sites of human transthyretin, albumin and thyroid binding globulin. Chem Biol Interact 76(1):63-75. DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(90)90034-K.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Trosken ER, Adamska M, Arand M, Zarn JA, Patten C, Volkel W, Lutz WK. 2006. Comparison of lanosterol-14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of human and Candida albicans for inhibition by different antifungal azoles. Toxicology 228(1):24-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.007.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFODI
CATEGORY OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Wang C, Wang T, Liu W, Ruan T, Zhou Q, Liu J, Zhang A, Zhao B, Jiang G. 2012. The in vitro estrogenic activities of polyfluorinated iodine alkanes. Environ Health Perspect 120(1):119-125. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103773.
USE REFERENCES
Wang C, Wang T, Liu W, Ruan T, Zhou Q, Liu J, Zhang A, Zhao B and Jiang G. 2012. The in vitro estrogenic activities of polyfluorinated iodine alkanes. Environ Health Perspect 120(1):119-125. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103773
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Abass K, Turpeinen M, Pelkonen O. 2009. An evaluation of the cytochrome P450 inhibition potential of selected pesticides in human hepatic microsomes. J Environ Sci Health B 44(6):553-563. DOI: 10.1080/03601230902997766.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 18, 2017 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Suarez-Pinzon WL, Strynadka K, Rabinovitch A. 1996. Destruction of rat pancreatic islet beta-cells by cytokines involves the production of cytotoxic aldehydes. Endocrinology, 137(12):5290-5296. DOI: 10.1210/endo.137.12.8940348.
Villard PH, Barlesi F, Armand M, Pascussi JM, Fouchier F, Champion S, Dufour C, Giniès C, Khalil A, Amiot MJ, and Barra Y. 2011. CYP1A1 induction in the colon by serum: involvement of the PPARα pathway and evidence for a new specific human PPREα site. PloS One 6(1):e14629. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014629.
USE REFERENCES
Colborn T, Schultz K, Herrick L, Kwiatkowski C. 2014. An Exploratory Study of Air Quality near Natural Gas Operations. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 20(1):86-105. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2012.749447
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: galaxolide, 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8-hexahydro-4 , 6 , 6 , 7 , 8-hexamethylcyclopenta-gamma-2-benzopyran, Cyclopenta{g}-2-benzopyran , 1 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8-hexahydro-4 , 6 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 8-hexamethyl-
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Mori T, Iida M, Ishibashi H, Kohra S, Takao Y, Takemasa T, Arizono K. 2007. Hormonal activity of polycyclic musks evaluated by reporter gene assay. Environ Sci 14(4):195-202. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: hibawood oil, thujopsis dolabrata oils
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Nakama A, Funasaka K, Shimizu M. 2007. Evaluation of estrogenic activity of organic biocides using ER-binding and YES assay. Food Chem Toxicol 45(9):1558-1564. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.02.014.
USE REFERENCES
Nakama A, Funasaka K and Shimizu M. 2007. Evaluation of estrogenic activity of organic biocides using ER-binding and YES assay. Food Chem Toxicol 45(9): 1558-1564. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.02.014
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: thujopsis dolabrata oils
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Nakama A, Funasaka K, Shimizu M. 2007. Evaluation of estrogenic activity of organic biocides using ER-binding and YES assay. Food Chem Toxicol 45(9):1558-1564. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.02.014.
USE REFERENCES
Nakama A, Funasaka K and Shimizu M. 2007. Evaluation of estrogenic activity of organic biocides using ER-binding and YES assay. Food Chem Toxicol 45(9): 1558-1564. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.02.014
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Murthy DR, Reddy CM, Patil SB. 1997. Effect of benzene extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis on the estrous cycle and ovarian activity in albino mice. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 20(7):756-8. DOI: 10.1248/bpb.20.756.
USE REFERENCES
EWG. 2012. Skin Deep. Link
Murthy DR, Reddy CM, Patil SB. 1997. Effect of benzene extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis on the estrous cycle and ovarian activity in albino mice. Biol Pharm Bull 20(7):756-758. DOI: 10.1248/bpb.20.756
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Biogenic compound
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Rosenberg RS, Grass L, Jenkins DJ, Kendall CWC, Diamandis EP. 1998. Modulation of androgen and progesterone receptors by phytochemicals in breast cancer cell lines. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications 248(3):935-939. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8977.
USE REFERENCES
Craig SA. 2004. Betaine in human nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 80(3):539-549. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/80.3.539
Kumar J, Jayaraman S, Muralidharan N. 2012. Homocysteine-A potent modulator. Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Review 7(1):1-4. DOI: 10.5897/BMBR11.017
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: homomenthyl salicylate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kunz PY, Fent K. 2006. Multiple hormonal activities of UV filters and comparison of in vivo and in vitro estrogenic activity of ethyl-4-aminobenzoate in fish. Aquat Toxicol 79(4):305-324. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.016.
Schlumpf M, Cotton B, Conscience M, Haller V, Steinmann B, Lichtensteiger W. 2001. In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environ Health Perspect 109(3):239-244. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: hop based dietary supplement
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Coldham NG, Sauer MJ. 2001. Identification, quantitation and biological activity of phytoestrogens in a dietary supplement for breast enhancement. Food & Chemical Toxicology 39(12):1211-1224. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(01)00081-3.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: dihydroxymethoxychlor, bis-hydroxymethoxychlor, 1 , 1 , 1-trichloro-2 , 2-bis ( 4-hydroxyphenyl ) ethane
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Blair RM, Fang H, Branham WS, Hass BS, Dial SL, Moland CL, Tong W, Shi L, Perkins R, Sheehan DM. 2000. The estrogen receptor relative binding affinities of 188 natural and xenochemicals: structural diversity of ligands. Toxicol Sci 54(1):138-153. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/54.1.138.
Gaido KW, Maness SC, McDonnell DP, Dehal SS, Kupfer D, Safe S. 2000. Interaction of methoxychlor and related compounds with estrogen receptor [alpha] and [beta], and androgen receptor: structure-activity studies. Mol Pharmacol 58(4):852-858. DOI: 10.1124/mol.58.4.852 .
Maness SC, McDonnell DP, Gaido KW. 1998. Inhibition of androgen receptor-dependent transcriptional activity by DDT isomers and methoxychlor in HEPG2 human hepatoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 151(1):135-142. DOI: 10.1006/taap.1998.8431.
Zhang HC, Hu XL, Yin DQ, Lin ZF. 2011. Development of molecular docking-based binding energy to predict the joint effect of BPA and its analogs. Hum Exp Toxicol 30(4):318-327. DOI: 10.1177/0960327110372400.
USE REFERENCES
Kupfer D, Bulger WH, Theoharides AD. 1990. Metabolism of methoxychlor by hepatic P-450 monooxygenases in rat and human. 1. Characterization of a novel catechol metabolite. Chem Res Toxicol 3(1):8-16. DOI: 10.1021/tx00013a002
Maness SC, McDonnell DP, Gaido KW. 1998. Inhibition of androgen receptor-dependent transcriptional activity by DDT isomers and methoxychlor in HEPG2 human hepatoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 151(1):135-142. DOI: 10.1006/taap.1998.8431
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: leonardite
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Metal/Metallurgy, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lu FJ, Lee TC, Pang VF, and Huang TS, 1997. Humic Acid–Induced Testicular Morphological Changes in Rats. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 58(4), pp.619-627. DOI: 10.1007/s001289900379.
Zenkevics H, Klavins M, Vose V, Bucena A. 2005. Humic acid reduces gonadotropin activity and hormonal sensitivity of frog oocytes. Aquat Toxicol 75(4):380-383. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.09.001.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: hydrogen sulphide
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Xu XP, Cho SI, Sammel M, You LY, Cui SC, Huang YM, Ma GH, Padungtod C, Pothier L, Niu TH, Christiani D, Smith T, Ryan L, Wang LH. 1998. Association of petrochemical exposure with spontaneous abortion. Occup Environ Med 55(1):31-36. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Oda S, Tatarazako N, Watanabe H, Morita M, Iguchi T. 2005. Production of male neonates in Daphnia magna (Cladocera, Crustacea) exposed to juvenile hormones and their analogs. Chemosphere 61(8):1168-1174. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.075.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 1 , 4-dihydroxybenzene, 1 , 4-benzenediol
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lindsay RH, Hill JB, Gaitan E, Cooksey RC, Jolley RL. 1992. Antithyroid effects of coal-derived pollutants. J Toxicol Environ Health 37(4):467-481. DOI: 10.1080/15287399209531686.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 23, 2013
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hung SC, Yokoyama W, Kim H, Bartley G, Anderson WH, Albers DR, Langhorst ML, Williams DM, Stott W, Turowski M, and Young SA. 2012. Effects of cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose on dyslipidemia in hamsters. J Agric and Food Chem, 60(44), pp.11149-11156. DOI: 10.1021/jf302095c.
Young SA, Hung SC, Anderson WH, Albers DR, Langhorst ML, Yokoyama W. 2012. Effects of cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose on glucose metabolism and obesity in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. J Diabetes, 4(1):85-94. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2011.00157.x.
USE REFERENCES
The Endocrine Disruption Exchange. 2011. Multistate Report Spreadsheet. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: hydroxyquinol, 1 , 3 , 4-trihydroxybenzene, 1 , 2 , 4-trihydroxybenzene
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Arnott DG, Doniach I. 1952. The effect of compounds allied to resorcinol upon the uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid of the rat. Biochem J 50(4):473-479. DOI: 10.1042/bj0500473 .
USE REFERENCES
Arnott DG, Doniach I. 1952. The effect of compounds allied to resorcinol upon the uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid of the rat. Biochem J 50(4):473-479. DOI: 10.1042/bj0500473
Boll M. 2005. Dearomatizing benzene ring reductases. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 10(2-4):132-142. DOI: 10.1159/000091560
Butt MS, Sultan MT. 2011. Coffee and its consumption: benefits and risks. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 51(4):363-373. DOI: 10.1080/10408390903586412
Hansen CA, Frost J W. 2002. Deoxygenation of polyhydroxybenzenes: an alternative strategy for the benzene-free synthesis of aromatic chemicals. J Am Chem Soc 124(21):5926-5927. DOI: 10.1021/ja0176346
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Kugathas S, Audouze K, Ermler S, Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2015 (in press). Effects of common pesticides on prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) inhibition in SC5 mouse Sertoli cells, evidence of binding at the COX2 active site, and implications for endocrine disruption. Environ Health Perspect. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409544.
Lemaire G, Mnif W, Pascussi JM, Pillon A, Rabenoelina F, Fenet H, Gomez E, Casellas C, Nicolas JC, Cavailles V, Duchesne MJ, Balaguer P. 2006. Identification of new human pregnane X receptor ligands among pesticides using a stable reporter cell system. Toxicol Sci 91(2):501-509. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj173.
Trösken ER, Scholz K, Lutz RW, Völkel W, Zarn JA, Lutz WK. 2004. Comparative assessment of the inhibition of recombinant human CYP19 (aromatase) by azoles used in agriculture and as drugs for humans. Endocr Res 30(3):387-394. DOI: 10.1081/ERC-200035093.
Vinggaard AM, Hnida C, Breinholt V, Larsen JC. 2000. Screening of selected pesticides for inhibition of CYP19 aromatase activity in vitro. Toxicol in Vitro 14(3):227-234. DOI: 10.1016/S0887-2333(00)00018-7.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bal R, Naziroglu M, Turk G, Yilmaz O, Kuloglu T, Etem E, Baydas G. 2012 Aug. Insecticide imidacloprid induces morphological and DNA damage through oxidative toxicity on the reproductive organs of developing male rats. Cell Biochem Funct 30(6):492-9. DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2826.
Caron-Beaudoin, E, Viau, R, Hudon-Thibeault, AA, Vaillancourt, C, and Sanderson, JT. 2017. The use of a unique co-culture model of fetoplacental steroidogenesis as a screening tool for endocrine disruptors: The effects of neonicotinoids on aromatase activity and hormone production. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 332:15-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.07.018.
Kapoor U, Srivastava MK, Srivastava LP. 2011. Toxicological impact of technical imidacloprid on ovarian morphology, hormones and antioxidant enzymes in female rats. Food Chem Toxicol 49(12):3086-3089. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.009.
Kim J, Park Y, Yoon KS, Clark JM, Park Y. 2013. Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, induces insulin resistance. J Toxicol Sci 38(5):655-60. DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.655.
Kugathas S, Audouze K, Ermler S, Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2015 (in press). Effects of common pesticides on prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) inhibition in SC5 mouse Sertoli cells, evidence of binding at the COX2 active site, and implications for endocrine disruption. Environ Health Perspect. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409544.
Najafi G, Razi M, Hoshyar A, Shahmohamadloo S, Feyzi S. 2010. The Effect of Chronic Exposure with Imidacloprid Insecticide on Fertility in Mature Male Rats. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility 4(1):9-16. Link.
Park Y, Kim Y, Kim J, Yoon KS, Clark J, Lee J, Park Y. 2013. Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, potentiates adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Agric Food Chem 61(1):255-259. DOI: 10.1021/jf3039814.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System. Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: December 7, 2015 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Soto AM, Sonnenschein C, Chung KL, Fernandez MF, Olea N, Serrano FO. 1995. The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: An update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 103 (Suppl. 7):113-122. DOI: 10.2307/3432519 .
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Korach KS, Fox-Davies C, Quarmby VE, Swaisgood MH. 1985. Diethylstilbestrol metabolites and analogs. Biochemical probes for differential stimulation of uterine estrogen responses. J Biol Chem 260(29):15420-15426. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: indenestrol
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Soto AM, Sonnenschein C, Chung KL, Fernandez MF, Olea N, Serrano FO. 1995. The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: An update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 103 (Suppl. 7):113-122. DOI: 10.2307/3432519 .
USE REFERENCES
Oda T, Aizu-Yokota E, Kitaoka M, Sato Y. 1995. Relationship between cytotoxic and microtubule disruptive activities of (+)-, (-)- and (+/-)-indenestrol A and B monomethyl ethers in Chinese hamster V79 cells in culture. Biol Pharm Bull 18(6):818-824. DOI: 10.1248/bpb.18.818
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Soto AM, Sonnenschein C, Chung KL, Fernandez MF, Olea N, Serrano FO. 1995. The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: An update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 103 (Suppl. 7):113-122. DOI: 10.2307/3432519 .
USE REFERENCES
Oda T, Aizu-Yokota E, Kitaoka M, Sato Y. 1995. Relationship between cytotoxic and microtubule disruptive activities of (+)-, (-)- and (+/-)-indenestrol A and B monomethyl ethers in Chinese hamster V79 cells in culture. Biol Pharm Bull 18(6):818-824. DOI: 10.1248/bpb.18.818
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Machala M, Vondracek J, Blaha L, Ciganek M, Neca JV. 2001. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determined using in vitro reporter gene assay. Mutat Res 497(1-2):49-62. DOI: 10.1016/S1383-5718(01)00240-6.
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ATSDR. 1995. Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Link
Colborn T, Schultz K, Herrick L, Kwiatkowski C. 2014. An Exploratory Study of Air Quality near Natural Gas Operations. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 20(1):86-105. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2012.749447
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Zielinska B, Campbell D, Samburova V. 2014. Impact of emissions from natural gas production facilities on ambient air quality in the Barnett Shale area: a pilot study. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 64(12):1369-1383. DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2014.954735
DATE ADDED: August 7, 2014 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Benisek M, Blaha L, Hilscherova K. 2008. Interference of PAHs and their N-heterocyclic analogs with signaling of retinoids in vitro. Toxicol in Vitro 22(8):1909-1917. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.09.009.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: August 12, 2015 DATE UPDATED: August 12, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Ishihara A, Sawatsubashi S, Yamauchi K. 2003. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: interference of thyroid hormone binding to transthyretins and to thyroid hormone receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 199(1-2):105-117. DOI: 10.1016/S0303-7207(02)00302-7.
Ogilvie LM, Ramsden DB. 1988. Ioxynil and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine: Comparison of binding to human plasma proteins. Toxicol Lett 44(3):281-287. DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(88)90167-1.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 17, 2013
ALTERNATIVE NAME: iprodion
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Andersen HR, Vinggaard AM, Rasmussen TH, Gjermandsen IM, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC. 2002. Effects of currently used pesticides in assays for estrogenicity, androgenicity, and aromatase activity in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 179(1):1-12. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2001.9347.
Blystone CR, Lambright CS, Furr J, Wilson VS, Gray LE. 2007. Iprodione delays male rat pubertal development, reduces serum testosterone levels, and decreases ex vivo testicular testosterone production. Toxicol Lett 174(1-3):74-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.08.010.
Kugathas S, Audouze K, Ermler S, Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2015 (in press). Effects of common pesticides on prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) inhibition in SC5 mouse Sertoli cells, evidence of binding at the COX2 active site, and implications for endocrine disruption. Environ Health Perspect. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409544.
Long M, Laier P, Vinggaard AM, Andersen HR, Lynggaard J, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC. 2003. Effects of currently used pesticides in the AhR-CALUX assay: comparison between the human TV101L and the rat H4IIE cell line. Toxicology 194(1-2):77-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2003.08.001 Get .
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 2-methylthio-4-tert-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bellas J. 2006. Comparative toxicity of alternative antifouling biocides on embryos and larvae of marine invertebrates. Sci Total Environ 367(2-3):573-585. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.028.
USE REFERENCES
Bellas J. 2006. Comparative toxicity of alternative antifouling biocides on embryos and larvae of marine invertebrates. Sci Total Environ 367(2-3):573-585. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.028
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bonkovsky HL, Lambrecht RW. 2000. Iron-induced liver injury. Clin Liver Dis 4(2):409-429, vi-vii. DOI: 10.1016/S1089-3261(05)70116-1.
Pereira MdL, Garcia e Costa F. 2003. Spermatogenesis recovery in the mouse after iron injury. Hum Exp Toxicol 22(5):275-279. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: IMC
CATEGORY OF USE: Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kunz PY, Fent K. 2006. Multiple hormonal activities of UV filters and comparison of in vivo and in vitro estrogenic activity of ethyl-4-aminobenzoate in fish. Aquat Toxicol 79(4):305-324. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.016.
USE REFERENCES
Kunz PY and Fent K. 2006. Multiple hormonal activities of UV filters and comparison of in vivo and in vitro estrogenic activity of ethyl-4-aminobenzoate in fish. Aquat Toxicol 79(4): 305-324. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.016
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 27, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: isobutyl p-hydroxybenzoate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Darbre PD, Byford JR, Shaw LE, Horton RA, Pope GS, Sauer MJ. 2002. Oestrogenic activity of isobutylparaben in vitro and in vivo. J Appl Toxicol 22(4):219-226. DOI: 10.1002/jat.860.
Okubo T, Yokoyama Y, Kano K, Kano I. 2001. ER-dependent estrogenic activity of parabens assessed by proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and expression of ER[alpha] and PR. Food Chem Toxicol 39(12):1225-1232. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(01)00073-4.
Terasaki M, Kamata R, Shiraishi F, Makino M. 2009. Evaluation of estrogenic activity of parabens and their chlorinated derivatives by using the yeast two-hybrid assay and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Environ Toxicol Chem 28(1):204-208. DOI: 10.1897/08-225.1.
Vo TT, Jeung EB. 2009. An evaluation of estrogenic activity of parabens using uterine calbindin-d9k gene in an immature rat model. Toxicol Sci 112(1):68-77. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp176.
USE REFERENCES
Drugs.com. Link
EWG. Link
DATE ADDED: July 31, 2014 DATE UPDATED: August 1, 2014
ALTERNATIVE NAME: IBMX
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Sanderson JT, Boerma J, Lansbergen GW, van den Berg M. 2002. Induction and inhibition of aromatase (CYP19) activity by various classes of pesticides in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 182(1):44-54. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9420.
USE REFERENCES
Sanderson JT, Boerma J, Lansbergen GW, van den Berg M. 2002. Induction and inhibition of aromatase (CYP19) activity by various classes of pesticides in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 182(1):44-54. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9420
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fang H, Tong WD, Branham WS, Moland CL, Dial SL, Hong HX, Xie Q, Perkins R, Owens W, Sheehan DM. 2003. Study of 202 natural, synthetic, and environmental chemicals for binding to the androgen receptor. Chem Res Toxicol 16(10):1338-1358. DOI: 10.1021/tx030011g.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US EPA. 2012. Pesticide Reregistration Status for Organophosphates. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: isoamyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, isoamyl-p-hydroxybenzoate
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Schultz TW, Sinks GD, Cronin MTD. 2000. Effect of substituent size and dimensionality on potency of phenolic xenoestrogens evaluated with a recombinant yeast assay. Environ Toxicol Chem 19(11):2637-2642. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620191104.
USE REFERENCES
ChemIDPlus Lite. Link
Schultz TW, Sinks GD, Cronin MTD. 2000. Effect of substituent size and dimensionality on potency of phenolic xenoestrogens evaluated with a recombinant yeast assay. EnvironToxicol Chem 19(11):2637-2642. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620191104
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Plastic/Rubber, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Doerr JK, Hooser SB, Smith BJ, and Sipes IG. (1995). Ovarian toxicity of 4-vinylcyclohexene and related olefins in B6C3F1 mice: role of diepoxides. Chem Res Tox, 8(7), 963-969. DOI: 10.1021/tx00049a010.
Melnick RL, Sills RC, Roycroft JH, Chou BJ, Ragan HA, Miller RA. 1994. Isoprene, an endogenous hydrocarbon and industrial chemical, induces multiple organ neoplasia in rodents after 26 weeks of inhalation exposure. Cancer Res 54(20):5333-5339. Link.
Placke ME, Griffis L, Bird M, Bus J, Persing RL, Cox LA, Jr. 1996. Chronic inhalation oncogenicity study of isoprene in B6C3F1 mice. Toxicology 113(1-3):253-262. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(96)03454-3.
USE REFERENCES
Colborn T, Schultz K, Herrick L, Kwiatkowski C. 2014. An Exploratory Study of Air Quality near Natural Gas Operations. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 20(1):86-105. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2012.749447
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: isopropyl p-hydroxybenzoate
CATEGORY OF USE: Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Okubo T, Yokoyama Y, Kano K, Kano I. 2001. ER-dependent estrogenic activity of parabens assessed by proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and expression of ER[alpha] and PR. Food Chem Toxicol 39(12):1225-1232. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(01)00073-4.
Terasaki M, Kamata R, Shiraishi F, Makino M. 2009. Evaluation of estrogenic activity of parabens and their chlorinated derivatives by using the yeast two-hybrid assay and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Environ Toxicol Chem 28(1):204-208. DOI: 10.1897/08-225.1.
Vo TT, Jeung EB. 2009. An evaluation of estrogenic activity of parabens using uterine calbindin-d9k gene in an immature rat model. Toxicol Sci 112(1):68-77. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp176.
USE REFERENCES
EWG. Link
DATE ADDED: July 31, 2014 DATE UPDATED: July 31, 2014
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hisato MI, 1998. Effects of the agrochemicals butachlor, pretilachlor and isoprothiolane on rat liver xenobioticmetabolizing enzymes. Xenobiotica 28(11):1029-1039. DOI: 10.1080/004982598238921.
Oh YJ, Jung YJ, Kang JW, Yoo YS. 2007. Investigation of the estrogenic activities of pesticides from Pal-dang reservoir by in vitro assay. Sci Total Environ 388(1-3):8-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.013.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. ChemIDPlus Lite. Link
DATE ADDED: March 23, 2015 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lemaire G, Mnif W, Pascussi JM, Pillon A, Rabenoelina F, Fenet H, Gomez E, Casellas C, Nicolas JC, Cavailles V, Duchesne MJ, Balaguer P. 2006. Identification of new human pregnane X receptor ligands among pesticides using a stable reporter cell system. Toxicol Sci 91(2):501-509. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj173.
Orton F, Lutz I, Kloas W, Routledge EJ. 2009. Endocrine disrupting effects of herbicides and pentachlorophenol: in vitro and in vivo evidence. Environ Sci Technol 43(6):2144-2150. DOI: 10.1021/es8028928.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Benisek M, Blaha L, Hilscherova K. 2008. Interference of PAHs and their N-heterocyclic analogs with signaling of retinoids in vitro. Toxicol in Vitro 22(8):1909-1917. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.09.009.
USE REFERENCES
Benisek M, Blaha L, Hilscherova K. 2008. Interference of PAHs and their N-heterocyclic analogs with signaling of retinoids in vitro. Toxicol in Vitro 22(8):1909-1917. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.09.009
DATE ADDED: August 12, 2015 DATE UPDATED: August 12, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Biogenic compound
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Oh SM, Chung KH. 2004 Jan 30. Estrogenic activities of Ginkgo biloba extracts. Life Sci 74(11):1325-1335. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.06.045.
USE REFERENCES
Oh SM and Chung KH. 2004. Estrogenic activities of Ginkgo biloba extracts. Life Sci 74(11):1325-1335. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.06.045
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bigelow SW, Nebert DW. 1982. The Ah regulatory gene product. Survey of nineteen polycyclic aromatic compounds' and fifteen benzo[a]pyrene metabolites' capacity to bind to the cytosolic receptor. Toxicol Lett 10(1):109-118. DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(82)90276-4.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Coldham NG, Sauer MJ. 2001. Identification, quantitation and biological activity of phytoestrogens in a dietary supplement for breast enhancement. Food & Chemical Toxicology 39(12):1211-1224. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(01)00081-3.
Izzo G, Soder O, Svechnikov K. 2011. The prenylflavonoid phytoestrogens 8-prenylnaringenin and isoxanthohumol diferentially suppress steroidogenesis in rat Leydig cells in ontogenesis. J Appl Toxicol 31(6):589-594. DOI: 10.1002/jat.1602.
USE REFERENCES
Coldham NG, Sauer MJ. 2001. Identification, quantitation and biological activity of phytoestrogens in a dietary supplement for breast enhancement. Food Chem Toxicol 39(12):1211-1224. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(01)00081-3
Izzo G, Soder O, Svechnikov K. 2011. The prenylflavonoid phytoestrogens 8-prenylnaringenin and isoxanthohumol diferentially suppress steroidogenesis in rat Leydig cells in ontogenesis. J Appl Toxicol 31(6):589-594. DOI: 10.1002/jat.1602
PUBCHEM. Isoxanthohumol. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Takeuchi S, Iida M, Yabushita H, Matsuda T, Kojima H. 2008. In vitro screening for aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonistic activity in 200 pesticides using a highly sensitive reporter cell line, DR-EcoScreen cells, and in vivo mouse liver cytochrome P450-1A induction by propanil, diuron and linuron. Chemosphere 74(1):155-165. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.015.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: kaempherol
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kuiper GGJM, Lemmen JG, Carlsson B, Corton JC, Safe SH, van der Saag PT, van der Burg P, Gustafsson JA. 1998. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology 139(10):4252-4263. DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.10.6216.
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0.
USE REFERENCES
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: JP-5
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Rao GS, Kannan K, Goel SK, Pandya KP, Shanker R. 1984. Subcutaneous kerosene toxicity in albino rats. Environ Res 35(2):516-530. DOI: 10.1016/0013-9351(84)90158-0.
Rossi J, 3rd, Nordholm AF, Carpenter RL, Ritchie GD, Malcomb W. 2001. Effects of repeated exposure of rats to JP-5 or JP-8 jet fuel vapor on neurobehavioral capacity and neurotransmitter levels. J Tox Environ Health Part A, 63(6):397-428. DOI: 10.1080/152873901300343452.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Oda S, Tatarazako N, Watanabe H, Morita M, Iguchi T. 2005. Production of male neonates in Daphnia magna (Cladocera, Crustacea) exposed to juvenile hormones and their analogs. Chemosphere 61(8):1168-1174. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.075.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fujimoto, N., Watanabe, H., Nakatani, T., Roy, G. and Ito, A., 1998. Induction of thyroid tumours in (C57BL/6N× C3H/N) F1 mice by oral administration of kojic acid. Food and chemical toxicology, 36(8), pp.697-703. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(98)00030-1.
Higa, Y., Ohkubo, A., Kitajima, S., Moriyasu, M. and Kariya, K., 2002. Effects of kojic acid on thyroidal functions in rats by single-dose administration and in cultured rat thyroid cells (FRTL-5 cells). The Journal of toxicological sciences, 27(5), pp.423-431. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.27.423.
Ota, Y., Imai, T., Onose, J.I., Takami, S., Cho, Y.M., Hirose, M. and Nishikawa, A., 2009. A 55-week chronic toxicity study of dietary administered kojic acid (KA) in male F344 rats. The Journal of toxicological sciences, 34(3), pp.305-313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.34.305.
USE REFERENCES
European Commisson. 2016. Commission Staff Working Document Impact Assessment. Defining criteria for identifying endocrine disruptors in the context of the implementation of the plant protection products regulation and biocidal products regulation. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: April 4, 2018
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2011. Widely used pesticides with previously unknown endocrine activity revealed as in vitro antiandrogens. Environ Health Perspect 119(6):794-800. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002895.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: October 7, 2011 DATE UPDATED: October 7, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metal/Metallurgy, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Cullen MR, Kayne RD, Robins JM. 1984. Endocrine and reproductive dysfunction in men associated with occupational inorganic lead intoxication. Arch Environ Health 39(6):431-440. DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1984.10545877.
Lau Y-S, Camoratto AM, White LM, Moriarty CM. 1991. Effect of lead on TRH and GRF binding in rat anterior pituitary membranes. Toxicology 68(2):169-179. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(91)90019-W.
Telisman S, Cvitkovic P, Jurasovic J, Pizent A, Gavella M, Rocic B. 2000. Semen quality and reproductive endocrine function in relation to biomarkers of lead, cadmium, zinc, and copper in men. Environ Health Perspect 108(1):45-53. DOI: 10.2307/3454294 .
USE REFERENCES
Alawattegama SK, Kondratyuk T, Krynock R, Bricker M, Rutter JK, Bain DJ, Stolz JF. 2015. Well water contamination in a rural community in southwestern Pennsylvania near unconventional shale gas extraction. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 50(5):516-528. DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.992684
Rich AL, Crosby EC. 2013. Analysis of reserve pit sludge from unconventional natural gas hydraulic fracturing and drilling operations for the presence of technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM). New Solut 23(1):117-135. DOI: 10.2190/NS.23.1.h
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Zielinska B, Campbell D, Samburova V. 2014. Impact of emissions from natural gas production facilities on ambient air quality in the Barnett Shale area: a pilot study. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 64(12):1369-1383. DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2014.954735
DATE ADDED: June 16, 2011 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Gilbert ME, Mack CM, Lasley SM. 1999. Chronic developmental lead exposure and hippocampal long-term potentiation: biphasic dose-response relationship. Neurotoxicology 20(1):71-82. Link.
Sokol RZ, Madding CE, Swerdloff RS. 1985. Lead toxicity and the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. Biol Reprod 33(3):722-728. DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod33.3.722.
Zheng W, Shen H, Blaner WS, Zhao Q, Ren X, Graziano JH. 1996. Chronic lead exposure alters transthyretin concentration in rat cerebrospinal fluid: the role of the choroid plexus. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 139(2):445-450. DOI: 10.1006/taap.1996.0186.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: June 16, 2011 DATE UPDATED: June 16, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metal/Metallurgy, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Katti SR, Sathyanesan AG. 1987. Lead nitrate induced changes in the thyroid physiology of the catfish Clarias batrachus (L.). Ecotoxicology & Environmental Safety 13(1):1-6. DOI: 10.1016/0147-6513(87)90036-4.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: June 16, 2011 DATE UPDATED: June 16, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 4 , 4'-benzylidenebis ( N , N-dimethylaniline )
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Culp, S.J., Blankenship, L.R., Kusewitt, D.F., Doerge, D.R., Mulligan, L.T. and Beland, F.A., 1999. Toxicity and metabolism of malachite green and leucomalachite green during short-term feeding to Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Chemico-biological interactions, 122(3), pp.153-170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2797(99)00119-2.
Doerge, D.R., Chang, H.C., Divi, R.L. and Churchwell, M.I., 1998. Mechanism for inhibition of thyroid peroxidase by leucomalachite green. Chemical research in toxicology, 11(9), pp.1098-1104. DOI: 10.1021/tx970226o.
USE REFERENCES
Doerge, D.R., Chang, H.C., Divi, R.L. and Churchwell, M.I., 1998. Mechanism for inhibition of thyroid peroxidase by leucomalachite green. Chemical research in toxicology, 11(9), pp.1098-1104. DOI: 10.1021/tx970226o
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: June 20, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: mix of 9 , 10-dihydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid and 12 , 13-dihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid, LTX-diols
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Markaverich BM, Alejandro M, Thompson T, Mani S, Reyna A, Portillo W, Sharp J, Turk J, Crowley JR. 2007. Tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols), leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols), and endocrine disruption in rats. Environ Health Perspect 115(5):702-708. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9311.
USE REFERENCES
Markaverich BM, Alejandro M, Thompson T, Mani S, Reyna A, Portillo W, Sharp J, Turk J and Crowley JR. 2007. Tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols), leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols), and endocrine disruption in rats. Environmental Health Perspectives 115(5): 702-708. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9311
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: butylphenyl methylpropional, p-t-butyl-alpha-methylhydrocinnamic aldehyde, lily aldehyde
CATEGORY OF USE: Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Charles AK, Darbre PD. 2009. Oestrogenic activity of benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial) in MCF7 human breast cancer cells in vitro. J Appl Toxicol 29(5):422-434. DOI: 10.1002/jat.1429.
USE REFERENCES
Charles AK, Darbre PD. 2009. Oestrogenic activity of benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial) in MCF7 human breast cancer cells in vitro. J Appl Toxicol 29(5):422-434. DOI: 10.1002/jat.1429
DATE ADDED: June 5, 2015 DATE UPDATED: August 12, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Andrews JE, Gray LE. 1990. The effects of lindane and linuron on calcium metabolism, bone morphometry and the kidney in rats. Toxicology 60(1-2):99-107. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(90)90165-D.
Cook JC, Mullin LS, Frame SR, Biegel LB. 1993. Investigation of a mechanism for Leydig cell tumorigenesis by linuron in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 119(2):195-204. DOI: 10.1006/taap.1993.1060.
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Kugathas S, Audouze K, Ermler S, Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2015 (in press). Effects of common pesticides on prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) inhibition in SC5 mouse Sertoli cells, evidence of binding at the COX2 active site, and implications for endocrine disruption. Environ Health Perspect. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409544.
Lambright C, Ostby J, Bobseine K, Wilson V, Hotchkiss AK, Mann PC, Gray LE Jr. 2000. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of linuron: an antiandrogenic herbicide that produces reproductive malformations in male rats. Toxicol Sci 56(2):389-399. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/56.2.389.
Orton F, Lutz I, Kloas W, Routledge EJ. 2009. Endocrine disrupting effects of herbicides and pentachlorophenol: in vitro and in vivo evidence. Environ Sci Technol 43(6):2144-2150. DOI: 10.1021/es8028928.
Takeuchi S, Iida M, Yabushita H, Matsuda T, Kojima H. 2008. In vitro screening for aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonistic activity in 200 pesticides using a highly sensitive reporter cell line, DR-EcoScreen cells, and in vivo mouse liver cytochrome P450-1A induction by propanil, diuron and linuron. Chemosphere 74(1):155-165. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.015.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Biogenic compound
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Mersereau JE, Levy N, Staub RE, Baggett S, Zogovic T, Chow S, Ricke WA, Tagliaferri M, Cohen I, Bjeldanes LF, Leitman DC. 2008. Liquiritigenin is a plant-derived highly selective estrogen receptor beta agonist. Mol Cell Endocrinol 283(1-2):49-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2007.11.020.
USE REFERENCES
ChemIDPlus Lite. Link
Mersereau J E, Levy N, Staub RE, Baggett S, Zogovic T, Chow S, Ricke WA, Tagliaferri M, Cohen I, Bjeldanes LF and Leitman DC. 2008. Liquiritigenin is a plant-derived highly selective estrogen receptor beta agonist. Mol Cell Endocrinol 283(1-2): 49-57. DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2007.11.020
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metal/Metallurgy
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Choe SY, Kim SJ, Kim HG, Lee JH, Choi Y, Lee H, Kim Y. 2003. Evaluation of estrogenicity of major heavy metals. Sci Total Environ 312(1-3):15-21. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00190-6.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Choe SY, Kim SJ, Kim HG, Lee JH, Choi Y, Lee H, Kim Y. 2003. Evaluation of estrogenicity of major heavy metals. Sci Total Environ 312(1-3):15-21. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00190-6.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Biogenic compound
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Oberdörster E, Clay MA, Cottam DM, Wilmot FA, McLachlan JA, Milner MJ. 2001. Common phytochemicals are ecdysteroid agonists and antagonists: a possible evolutionary link between vertebrate and invertebrate steroid hormones. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 77(4-5):229-238. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00067-X.
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0.
USE REFERENCES
Oberdorster E, Clay MA, Cottam DM, Wilmot FA, McLachlan JA and Milner MJ. 2001. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 77(4-5):229-38. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00067-X
Oberdörster E, Clay MA, Cottam DM, Wilmot FA, McLachlan JA, Milner MJ. 2001. Common phytochemicals are ecdysteroid agonists and antagonists: a possible evolutionary link between vertebrate and invertebrate steroid hormones. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 77(4-5):229-238. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00067-X
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Industrial additive
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Oh SM, Kim HR, Chung KH. 2009 Oct. In vitro estrogenic and antiestrogenic potential of chlorostyrenes. Toxicol In Vitro 23(7):1242-1248. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.07.032.
USE REFERENCES
Oh SM, Kim HR and Chung KH. 2009. In vitro estrogenic and antiestrogenic potential of chlorostyrenes. Toxicol In Vitro 23(7):1242-1248. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.07.032
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: coumaric ( m- ) acid, 3-hydroxycinnamic acid
CATEGORY OF USE: Biogenic compound
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Rosenberg RS, Grass L, Jenkins DJ, Kendall CWC, Diamandis EP. 1998. Modulation of androgen and progesterone receptors by phytochemicals in breast cancer cell lines. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications 248(3):935-939. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8977.
USE REFERENCES
Rosenberg RS, Grass L, Jenkins DJ, Kendall CWC, Diamandis EP. 1998. Modulation of androgen and progesterone receptors by phytochemicals in breast cancer cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 248(3):935-939. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8977
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: m-DNB, 1 , 3-dinitrobenzene
CATEGORY OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Allenby G, Foster PM, Sharpe RM. 1991. Evaluation of changes in the secretion of immunoactive inhibin by adult rat seminiferous tubules in vitro as an indicator of early toxicant action on spermatogenesis. Fundam Appl Toxicol 16(4):710-724. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90157-Y.
Allenby G, Sharpe RM, Foster PM. 1990. Changes in Sertoli cell function in vitro induced by nitrobenzene. Fundam Appl Toxicol 14(2):364-375. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(90)90216-7.
Foster PMD, Lloyd SC, Prout MS. 1987. Toxicity and metabolism of 1,3-dinitrobenzene in rat testicular cell cultures. Toxicol in Vitro 1(1):31-37. DOI: 10.1016/0887-2333(87)90035-X.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Choe SY, Kim SJ, Kim HG, Lee JH, Choi Y, Lee H, Kim Y. 2003. Evaluation of estrogenicity of major heavy metals. Sci Total Environ 312(1-3):15-21. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00190-6.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: malachite green carbinol, solvent green 1
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Ohta, R., Takagi, A., Ohmukai, H., Marumo, H., Ono, A., Matsushima, Y., Inoue, T., Ono, H. and Kanno, J., 2012. Ovariectomized mouse uterotrophic assay of 36 chemicals. The Journal of toxicological sciences, 37(5), pp.879-889. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2131/jts.37.879.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: June 20, 2018
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Reuber MD. 1985. Carcinogenicity and toxicity of malathion and malaoxon. Environ Res 37(1):119-153. DOI: 10.1016/0013-9351(85)90054-4.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Goldner WS, Sandler DP, Yu F, Shostrom V, Hoppin JA, Kamel F, LeVan TD. Hypothyroidism and pesticide use among male private pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2013 Oct;55(10):1171. DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31829b290b.
Ozmen G, Akay MT. 1993. The effects of malathion on some hormone levels and tissues secreting these hormones in rats. Veterinary & Human Toxicology 35(1):22-24. Link.
Panahi P, Vosough-Ghanbari S, Pournourmohammadi S, Ostad SN, Nikfar S, Minaie B, Abdollahi M. 2006. Stimulatory effects of malathion on the key enzymes activities of insulin secretion in Langerhans islets, glutamate dehydrogenase and glucokinase. Toxicology Mechanisms & Methods 16(4):161-167. DOI: 10.1080/15376520500191623.
Pournourmohammadi S, Farzami B, Ostad SN, Azizi E, Abdollahi M. 2005. Effects of malathion subchronic exposure on rat skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. Environmental Toxicology & Pharmacology 19(1):191-196. DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2004.07.002.
Reuber MD. 1985. Carcinogenicity and toxicity of malathion and malaoxon. Environ Res 37(1):119-153. DOI: 10.1016/0013-9351(85)90054-4.
Van den Berg KJ, van Raaij JAGM, Bragt PC, Notten WRF. 1991. Interactions of halogenated industrial chemicals with transthyretin and effects on thyroid hormone levels in vivo. Arch Toxicol 65(1):15-19. DOI: 10.1007/BF01973497.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurley PM, Hill RN, Whiting RJ. 1998. Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents [review]. Environ Health Perspect 106(8):437-445. DOI: 10.2307/3434175 .
Kackar R, Srivastava MK, Raizada RB. 1997. Induction of gonadal toxicity to male rats after chronic exposure to mancozeb. Ind Health 35(1):104-111. DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.35.104.
Kanayama T, Kobayashi N, Mamiya S, Nakanishi T, Nishikawa J. 2005. Organotin compounds promote adipocyte differentiation as agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [gamma]/retinoid X receptor pathway. Mol Pharmacol 67(3):766-774. DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.008409 .
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kanayama T, Kobayashi N, Mamiya S, Nakanishi T, Nishikawa J. 2005. Organotin compounds promote adipocyte differentiation as agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [gamma]/retinoid X receptor pathway. Mol Pharmacol 67(3):766-774. DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.008409 .
Laisi A, Tuominen R, Mannisto P, Savolainen K, Mattila J. 1985. The effect of maneb, zineb, and ethylenethiourea on the humoral activity of the pituitary-thyroid axis in rat. Archives of Toxicology Supplement 8:253-258. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-69928-3_37.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Industrial additive, Metal/Metallurgy, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Garcia SJ, Gellein K, Syversen T, Aschner M. 2006. A manganese-enhanced diet alters brain metals and transporters in the developing rat. Toxicol Sci 92(2):516-525. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfl017.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names. Link
Ferrar KJ, Michanowicz DR, Christen CL, Mulcahy N, Malone SL, Sharma RK. 2013. Assessment of effluent contaminants from three facilities discharging Marcellus Shale wastewater to surface waters in Pennsylvania. Environ Sci Technol 47(7):3472-3481. DOI: 10.1021/es301411q
Maguire-Boyle SJ, Barron AR. 2014. Organic compounds in produced waters from shale gas wells. Environ Sci Process Impacts 16(10):2237-2248. DOI: 10.1039/C4EM00376D
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Ziemkiewicz PF, Quaranta JD, Darnell A, Wise R. 2014. Exposure pathways related to shale gas development and procedures for reducing environmental and public risk. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 16(0):77-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.jngse.2013.11.003
DATE ADDED: June 16, 2011 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metal/Metallurgy
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Choe SY, Kim SJ, Kim HG, Lee JH, Choi Y, Lee H, Kim Y. 2003. Evaluation of estrogenicity of major heavy metals. Sci Total Environ 312(1-3):15-21. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00190-6.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: Mn3O4
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Metal/Metallurgy
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Gray LE, Laskey JW. 1980. Multivariate analysis of the effects of manganese on the reproductive physiology and behavior of the male house mouse. J Toxicol Environ Health 6(4):861-867. DOI: 10.1080/15287398009529904.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: June 16, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 19, 2013
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid, 4- ( chloro-o-tolyloxy ) acetic acid
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Orton F, Lutz I, Kloas W, Routledge EJ. 2009. Endocrine disrupting effects of herbicides and pentachlorophenol: in vitro and in vivo evidence. Environ Sci Technol 43(6):2144-2150. DOI: 10.1021/es8028928.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 4- ( 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy ) butyric acid
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Van den Berg KJ, van Raaij JAGM, Bragt PC, Notten WRF. 1991. Interactions of halogenated industrial chemicals with transthyretin and effects on thyroid hormone levels in vivo. Arch Toxicol 65(1):15-19. DOI: 10.1007/BF01973497.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: MCPP, 2- ( 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy ) propionic acid
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Orton F, Lutz I, Kloas W, Routledge EJ. 2009. Endocrine disrupting effects of herbicides and pentachlorophenol: in vitro and in vivo evidence. Environ Sci Technol 43(6):2144-2150. DOI: 10.1021/es8028928.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: MCPP, Alkanes , C14-17 , chloro
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Poon, R., Lecavalier, P., Chan, P., Viau, C., Håkansson, H., Chu, I. and Valli, V.E., 1995. Subchronic toxicity of a medium‐chain chlorinated paraffin in the rat. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 15(6), pp.455-463. DOI: 10.1002/jat.2550150607 .
USE REFERENCES
Groh, K.J., Backhaus, T., Carney-Almroth, B., Geueke, B., Inostroza, P.A., Lennquist, A., Maffini, M., Leslie, H.A., Slunge, D., Trasande, L. and Warhurst, M., 2018. Chemicals associated with plastic packaging: Inventory and hazards. PeerJ Preprints, 6, p.e27036v1. DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27036v1
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
DATE ADDED: September 26, 2018
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 1 , 3 , 5-triazine-2 , 4 , 6-triamine
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metabolite/Degradate, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Sun, J, Cao, Y, Zhang, X, Zhao, Q, Bao, E, Lv, Y. Melamine negatively affects testosterone synthesis in mice. Res Vet Sci 2016; 109: 135-141. DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.10.007.
Sun, J, Zhang, X, Cao, Y, Zhao, Q, Bao, E, Lv, Y. Ovarian Toxicity in Female Rats after Oral Administration of Melamine or Melamine and Cyanuric Acid. Plos One 2016; 11 (2). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149063.
Wang Y, Liu F, Wei Y, Liu D. 2011. The effect of exogenous melamine on rat hippocampal neurons. Toxicol Ind Health 27(6):571-576. DOI: 10.1177/0748233710395347.
Yin RH, Wang WC, Wang XZ, Wang X, Yin RL, Bai WL, Wu CD, Li C, Liu J, Liu BS and He JB. 2014. Effect of melamine on immunohistochemical expression of Bax/Bc1-2 protein in testis and ER-α/PR mRNA in ovary with or without cyanuric acid in mice. Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine 69(2):74-82. Link.
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Chou SS, Hwang DF, Lee HF. 2003. High performance liquid chromatographic determination of cyromazine and its derivative melamine in poultry meats and eggs. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 11(4):290-295. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: October 7, 2011 DATE UPDATED: October 7, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: lemon balm
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Food additives and contact material, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Santini F, Vitti P, Ceccarini G, Mammoli C, Rosellini V, Pelosini C, Marsili A, Tonacchera M, Agretti P, Santoni T, Chiovato L, Pinchera A. 2003. In vitro assay of thyroid disruptors affecting TSH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. J Endocrinol Invest 26(10):950-955. DOI: 10.1007/BF03348190.
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Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS). Link
The Good Scents Company Information System. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: thioglycolic acid, alpha-mercaptoacetic acid
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Sergeyev V, Broberger C, Gorbatyuk O, Hokfelt T. 2000. Effect of 2-mercaptoacetate and 2-deoxy-D-glucose administration on the expression of NPY, AGRP, POMC, MCH and hypocretin/orexin in the rat hypothalamus. Neuroreport, 11(1):117-121. Link.
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US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bhattacharya T, Bhattacharya S, Ray AK, Dey S. 1989. Influence of industrial pollutants on thyroid function in Channa punctatus (Bloch). Indian J Exp Biol 27(1):65-68. Link.
Bleau H, Daniel C, Chevalier G, van Tra H, Hontela A. 1996. Effects of acute exposure to mercury chloride and methylmercury on plasma cortisol, T3, T4, glucose and liver glycogen in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquatic Toxicology 34(3):221-235. DOI: 10.1016/0166-445X(95)00040-B.
Kawada J, Nishida M, Yoshimura Y, Mitani K. 1980. Effects of organic and inorganic mercurials on thyroidal functions. Journal of Pharmacobiodynamics 3(3):149-159. DOI: 10.1248/jhs1956.29.P54.
Lee IP, Dixon RL. 1975. Effects of mercury on spermatogenesis studied by velocity sedimentation cell separation and serial mating. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 194(1):171-181. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: mercury ( vapour )
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Barregård L, Lindstedt G, Schutz A, Sällsten G. 1994. Endocrine function in mercury exposed chloralkali workers. Occup Environ Med 51(8):536-540. DOI: 10.1136/oem.51.8.536.
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Grant CJ, Weimer AB, Marks NK, Perow ES, Oster JM, Brubaker KM, Trexler RV, Solomon CM, Lamendella R. 2015. Marcellus and mercury: Assessing potential impacts of unconventional natural gas extraction on aquatic ecosystems in northwestern Pennsylvania. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 50(5):482-500. DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.992670
Lan X, Talbot R, Laine P, Torres A, Lefer B, Flynn J. 2015. Atmospheric Mercury in the Barnett Shale Area, Texas: Implications for Emissions from Oil and Gas Processing. Environ Sci Technol 49(17):10692-10700. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02287
Maguire-Boyle SJ, Barron AR. 2014. Organic compounds in produced waters from shale gas wells. Environ Sci Process Impacts 16(10):2237-2248. DOI: 10.1039/C4EM00376D
University of Maryland. Clean-Up Procedures for Broken Fluorescent Lamps. Link
US Dept of Energy. Mercury Emission Control R&D. Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. 2012. Mercury Management & Exposure Prevention.
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: June 16, 2011 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: metam, metam natrium, sodium methyldithiocarbamate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Goldman JM, Cooper RL, Murr AS. 2007. Reproductive functions and hypothalamic catecholamines in response to the soil fumigant metam sodium: adaptations to extended exposures. Neurotoxicol Teratol 29(3):368-376. DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2006.11.011.
Goldman JM, Stoker TE, Cooper RL, McElroy WK, Hein JF. 1994. Blockade of ovulation in the rat by the fungicide sodium n-methyldithiocarbamate - relationship between effects on the luteinizing hormone surge and alterations in hypothalamic catecholamines. Neurotoxicol Teratol 16(3):257-268. DOI: 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90047-7.
Pruett SB, Barnes DB, Han YC, Munson AE. 1992. Immunotoxicological characteristics of sodium methyldithiocarbamate. Fundam Appl Toxicol 18(1):40-47. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90193-L.
Pruett SB, Fan RP, Zheng Q. 2006. Involvement of three mechanisms in the alteration of cytokine responses by sodium methyldithiocarbamate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 213(2):172-178. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2005.10.004.
Tilton F, Tanguay RL. 2008. Exposure to sodium metam during zebrafish somitogenesis results in early transcriptional indicators of the ensuing neuronal and muscular dysfunction. Toxicol Sci 106(1):103-112. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn145.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Burruel VR, Raabe OG, Overstreet JW, Wilson BW, Wiley LM. 2000. Paternal effects from methamidophos administration in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 165(2):148-157. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2000.8933.
Ibhazehiebo K, Iyawe VI, Koibuchi N. 2013. Effect of methamidophos on cerebellar neuronal cells. Niger J Physiol Sci 28(2):115-120. Link.
Lima CS, Dutra-Tavares AC, Nunes F, Nunes-Freitas AL, Ribeiro-Carvalho A, Filgueiras CC, Manhaes AC, Meyer A, Abreu-Villaca Y. 2013. Methamidophos exposure during the early postnatal period of mice: immediate and late-emergent effects on the cholinergic and serotonergic systems and behavior. Toxicol Sci 134(1):125-139. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft095.
Lima CS, Nunes-Freitas AL, Ribeiro-Carvalho A, Filgueiras CC, Manhaes AC, Meyer A, Abreu-Villaca Y. 2011. Exposure to methamidophos at adulthood adversely affects serotonergic biomarkers in the mouse brain. Neurotoxicology 32(6):718-724. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.08.002.
Maia LO, Junior WD, Carvalho LS, Jesus LR, Paiva GD, Araujo P, Costa MF, Andersen ML, Tufik S, Mazaro-Costa R. 2011. Association of methamidophos and sleep loss on reproductive toxicity of male mice. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 32(2):155-161. DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.04.007.
Satar D, Satar S, Mete UO, Suchard JR, Topal M, Karakoc E, Kaya M. 2008. Ultrastructural changes in rat thyroid tissue after acute organophosphate poisoning and effects of antidotal therapy with atropine and pralidoxime: A single-blind, ex vivo study. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 69(4):334-342. DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2008.07.001.
Satar S, Satar D, Kirim S, Leventerler H. 2005. Effects of acute organophosphate poisoning on thyroid hormones in rats. Am J Ther 12(3):238-242. DOI: 01.mjt.0000128337.00810.ac.
Satar S, Satar D, Kirim S, Leventerler H. 2005. Effects of acute organophosphate poisoning on thyroid hormones in rats. Am J Ther 12(3):238-242. DOI: 01.mjt.0000128337.00810.ac.
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Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: December 4, 2015 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: methyl alcohol
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Burbacher TM, Grant KS, Shen DD, Sheppard L, Damian D, Ellis S, Liberato N. 2004. Chronic maternal methanol inhalation in nonhuman primates (Macaca fascicularis): reproductive performance and birth outcome. Neurotoxicol Teratol 26(5):639-650. DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2004.06.001.
Cummings AM. 1993. Evaluation of the effects of methanol during early pregnancy in the rat. Toxicology 79(3):205-214. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(93)90212-B.
Gonzalez-Quevedo A, Obregon F, Urbina M, Rousso T, Lima L. 2002. Effect of chronic methanol administration on amino acids and monoamines in retina, optic nerve, and brain of the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 185(2):77-84. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9477.
Youssef AF, Baggs RB, Weiss B, Miller RK. 1997. Teratogenicity of methanol following a single oral dose in Long-Evans rats. Reprod Toxicol 11(4):503-510. DOI: 10.1016/S0890-6238(97)00017-8.
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US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Casale GP, Vennerstrom JL, Bavari S, Wang T. 1993. Inhibition of interleukin 2 driven proliferation of mouse CTLL2 cells, by selected carbamate and organophosphate insecticides and congeners of carbaryl. Immunopharmacology & Immunotoxicology 15(2 & 3):199-215. DOI: 10.3109/08923979309025994.
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Kugathas S, Audouze K, Ermler S, Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2015 (in press). Effects of common pesticides on prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) inhibition in SC5 mouse Sertoli cells, evidence of binding at the COX2 active site, and implications for endocrine disruption. Environ Health Perspect. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409544.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Andersen HR, Vinggaard AM, Rasmussen TH, Gjermandsen IM, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC. 2002. Effects of currently used pesticides in assays for estrogenicity, androgenicity, and aromatase activity in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 179(1):1-12. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2001.9347.
Klotz DM, Arnold SF, McLachlan JA. 1997. Inhibition of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone activity in human breast and endometrial cancer cells by carbamate insecticides. Life Sci 60(17):1467-1475. DOI: 10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00098-2.
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Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Harmon MA, Boehm MF, Heyman RA, Mangelsdorf DJ. 1995. Activation of mammalian retinoid X receptors by the insect growth regulator methoprene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 92(13):6157-6160. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.13.6157.
Ishihara A, Sawatsubashi S, Yamauchi K. 2003. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: interference of thyroid hormone binding to transthyretins and to thyroid hormone receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 199(1-2):105-117. DOI: 10.1016/S0303-7207(02)00302-7.
Tatarazako N, Oda S, Watanabe H, Morita M, Iguchi T. 2003. Juvenile hormone agonists affect the occurrence of male Daphnia. Chemosphere 53(8):827-833. DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00761-6.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: S-methoprene ( photodegradates )
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
La Clair JJ, Bantle JA, Dumont J. 1998. Photoproducts and metabolites of a common insect growth regulator produce developmental deformities in Xenopus. Environ Sci Technol 32(10):1453-1461. DOI: 10.1021/es971024h.
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La Clair JJ, Bantle JA, Dumont J. 1998. Photoproducts and metabolites of a common insect growth regulator produce developmental deformities in Xenopus. Environ Sci Technol 32(10):1453-1461. DOI: 10.1021/es971024h
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: MAA
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metabolite/Degradate, Metal/Metallurgy, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Allenby G, Foster PM, Sharpe RM. 1991. Evaluation of changes in the secretion of immunoactive inhibin by adult rat seminiferous tubules in vitro as an indicator of early toxicant action on spermatogenesis. Fundam Appl Toxicol 16(4):710-724. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90157-Y.
Henley DV, Mueller S, Korach KS. 2009. The short-chain fatty acid methoxyacetic acid disrupts endogenous estrogen receptor-[alpha]-mediated signaling. Environ Health Perspect 117(11):1702-1706. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900800.
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Henley DV, Mueller S and Korach KS. 2009. The short-chain fatty acid methoxyacetic acid disrupts endogenous estrogen receptor-[alpha]-mediated signaling. Environmental Health Perspectives 117(11): 1702-1706. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900800
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Anway MD, Cupp AS, Uzumcu M, Skinner MK. 2005. Epigenetic transgenerational actions of endocrine disruptors and male fertility. Science 308(5727):1466-1469. DOI: 10.1126/science.1108190.
Danzo BJ. 1997. Environmental xenobiotics may disrupt normal endocrine function by interfering with the binding of physiological ligands to steroid receptors and binding proteins. Environ Health Perspect 105(3):294-301. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.97105294.
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Okubo T, Yokoyama Y, Kano K, Soya Y, Kano I. 2004. Estimation of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of selected pesticides by MCF-7 cell proliferation assay. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 46(4):445-453. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-003-3017-6.
Soto AM, Sonnenschein C, Chung KL, Fernandez MF, Olea N, Serrano FO. 1995. The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: An update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 103 (Suppl. 7):113-122. DOI: 10.2307/3432519 .
vom Saal FS, Nagel SC, Palanza P, Boechler M, Parmigiani S, Welshons WV. 1995. Estrogenic pesticides: Binding relative to estradiol in MCF-7 cells and effects of exposure during fetal life on subsequent territorial behavior in male mice. Toxicol Lett 77(1-3):343-350. DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03316-5.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 2-methoxyethylmercury chloride, neanthine, emisan 6
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kirubagaran, R. and Keerikkattil Paily Joy, 1988. Inhibition of testicular 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity in catfish Clarias batrachus (L.) by mercurials. Indian journal of experimental biology, 26, pp. 907-8. Link.
Thakur, S.C., Thakur, S.S. and Singh, S.P., 2001. Evaluation of the reproductive toxicity of Emisan 6 in female rats. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 66(1), pp.132-138. DOI: 10.1007/s0012800215.
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Groh, K.J., Backhaus, T., Carney-Almroth, B., Geueke, B., Inostroza, P.A., Lennquist, A., Maffini, M., Leslie, H.A., Slunge, D., Trasande, L. and Warhurst, M., 2018. Chemicals associated with plastic packaging: Inventory and hazards. PeerJ Preprints, 6, p.e27036v1. DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27036v1
Kirubagaran, R. and Keerikkattil Paily Joy, 1988. Inhibition of testicular 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity in catfish Clarias batrachus (L.) by mercurials. Indian journal of experimental biology, 26, pp. 907-8. Link
DATE ADDED: September 26, 2018
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Reininghaus W, Koestner A, Klimisch HJ. 1991. Chronic toxicity and oncogenicity of inhaled methyl acrylate and n-butyl acrylate in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 29:329-39. DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(91)90204-K.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: July 17, 2017 DATE UPDATED: July 17, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: bromomethane
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Pesticide ingredient, Solvent
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Eustis SL, Haber SB, Drew RT, Yang RS. 1988. Toxicology and pathology of methyl bromide in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice following repeated inhalation exposure. Fundam Appl Toxicol 11(4):594-610. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(88)90124-8.
Honma T, Miyagawa M, Sato M. 1987. Methyl bromide alters catecholamine and metabolite concentrations in rat brain. Neurotoxicol Teratol 9(5):369-375. DOI: 10.1016/0892-0362(87)90033-X.
Honma T, Miyagawa M, Sato M. 1991. Inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase activity by methyl bromide exposure. Neurotoxicol Teratol 13(1):1-4. DOI: 10.1016/0892-0362(91)90020-W.
Hurtt ME, Working PK. 1988. Evaluation of spermatogenesis and sperm quality in the rat following acute inhalation exposure to methyl bromide. Fundam Appl Toxicol 10(3):490-498. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(88)90295-3.
Kato N, Morinobu S, Ishizu S. 1986. Subacute inhalation experiment for methyl bromide in rats. Ind Health 24(2):87-103. DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.24.87.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: MEK, 2-butanone
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Mitran E, Callender T, Orha B, Dragnea P, Botezatu G. 1997. Neurotoxicity associated with occupational exposure to acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone. Environ Res 73(1-2):181-188. DOI: 10.1006/enrs.1997.3703.
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Colborn T, Schultz K, Herrick L, Kwiatkowski C. 2014. An Exploratory Study of Air Quality near Natural Gas Operations. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 20(1):86-105. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2012.749447
Edwards PM, Brown SS, Roberts JM, Ahmadov R, Banta RM, deGouw JA, Dube WP, Field RA, Flynn JH, Gilman JB, et al. 2014. High winter ozone pollution from carbonyl photolysis in an oil and gas basin. Nature 514:351-354. DOI: 10.1038/nature13767
Edwards PM, Young CJ, Aikin K, deGouw J, Dub WP, Geiger F, Gilman J, Helmig D, Holloway JS, Kercher J, et al. 2013. Ozone photochemistry in an oil and natural gas extraction region during winter: simulations of a snow-free season in the Uintah Basin, Utah. Atmos Chem Phys 13(17):8955-8971. DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-8955-2013
Koss AR, de Gouw J, Warneke C, Gilman JB, Lerner BM, Graus M, Yuan B, Edwards P, Brown SS, Wild R, et al. 2015. Photochemical aging of volatile organic compounds associated with oil and natural gas extraction in the uintah Basin, UT, during a wintertime ozone formation event. Atmos Chem Phys 15:5727-5741. DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-5727-2015
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: April 21, 2015 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 2- ( Methoxycarbonyl ) -1-propene , Diakon , Methyl-2-methacrylate , Methyl alpha-methylacrylate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Husain R, Srivastava SP, Seth PK. Methyl methacrylate induced behavioural and neurochemical changes in rats. Archives of toxicology. 1985 Oct 1;58(1):33-6. DOI: 10.1007/BF00292613.
Innes DL, Tansy MF. Central nervous system effects of methyl methacrylate vapor. Neurotoxicology. 1981 Nov;2(3):515-22. Link.
National Toxicology Program. NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Methyl Methacrylate (CAS No. 80-62-6) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies). National Toxicology Program technical report series. 1986 Oct;314:1. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. 2017. Inert Ingredients Overview and Guidance. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: July 12, 2017 DATE UPDATED: July 12, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Byford JR, Shaw LE, Drew MG, Pope GS, Sauer MJ, Darbre PD. 2002. Oestrogenic activity of parabens in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 80(1):49-60. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00174-1.
Chen JG, Ahn KC, Gee NA, Gee SJ, Hammock BD, Lasley BL. 2007. Antiandrogenic properties of parabens and other phenolic containing small molecules in personal care products. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 221(3):278-284. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.03.015.
Gomez E, Pillon A, Fenet H, Rosain D, Duchesne MJ, Nicolas JC, Balaguer P, Casellas C. 2005. Estrogenic activity of cosmetic components in reporter cell lines: parabens, UV screens, and musks. J Toxicol Environ Health A 68(4):239-251. DOI: 10.1080/15287390590895054.
Routledge EJ, Parker J, Odum J, Ashby J, Sumpter JP. 1998. Some alkyl hydroxy benzoate preservatives (parabens) are estrogenic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 153(1):12-19. DOI: 10.1006/taap.1998.8544.
Song BL, Li HY, Peng DR. 1989. In vitro spermicidal activity of parabens against human spermatozoa. Contraception 39(3):331-335. DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(89)90065-6.
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US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 24, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Zhang Z, Jia C, Hu Y, Sun L, Jiao J, Zhao L, Zhu D, Li J, Tian Y, Bai H, Li R, Hu J. 2012. The estrogenic potential of salicylate esters and their possible risks in foods and cosmetics. Toxicol Lett 209(2):146-153. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.12.004.
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US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
Zhang Z, Jia C, Hu Y, Sun L, Jiao J, Zhao L, Zhu D, Li J, Tian Y, Bai H, Li R, Hu J. 2012. The estrogenic potential of salicylate esters and their possible risks in foods and cosmetics. Toxicol Lett 209(2):146-153. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.12.004
DATE ADDED: October 26, 2015 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: methyl tert-butyl ether, MTBE
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Solvent
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
de Peyster A, Stanard B, Westover C. 2009. Effect of ETBE on reproductive steroids in male rats and rat Leydig cell cultures. Toxicol Lett 190(1):74-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.879.
Li DM, Han XD. 2006. Evaluation of toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) on mouse spermatogenic cells in vitro. Toxicol Ind Health 22(7):291-299. Link.
Williams TM, Borghoff SJ. 2000. Induction of testosterone biotransformation enzymes following oral administration of methyl tert-butyl ether to male Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Sci 57(1):147-155. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/57.1.147.
Williams TM, Cattley RC, Borghoff SJ. 2000. Alterations in endocrine responses in male Sprague-Dawley rats following oral administration of methyl tert-butyl ether. Toxicol Sci 54(1):168-176. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/54.1.168.
Zheng G, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Liu M, Yao T, Yang Y, Zhao F, Li J, Huang C, Luo W, Chen J. 2009. [gamma]-Aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptor regulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation in rat hippocampus in high doses of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)-induced impairment of spatial memory. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 236(2):239-245. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.01.004.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 17, 2013
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: MEP oxon, methylparaoxon
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, chloroisothiazolinone
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kassotis CD, Klemp KC, Vu DC, Lin CH, Meng CX, Besch-Williford CL, Pinatti L, Zoeller RT, Drobnis EZ, Balise VD, and Isiguzo CJ, 2015. Endocrine-disrupting activity of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and adverse health outcomes after prenatal exposure in male mice. Endocrinology, 156(12), pp.4458-4473. DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1375.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: methylmercury chloride
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bleau H, Daniel C, Chevalier G, van Tra H, Hontela A. 1996. Effects of acute exposure to mercury chloride and methylmercury on plasma cortisol, T3, T4, glucose and liver glycogen in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquatic Toxicology 34(3):221-235. DOI: 10.1016/0166-445X(95)00040-B.
Kawada J, Nishida M, Yoshimura Y, Mitani K. 1980. Effects of organic and inorganic mercurials on thyroidal functions. Journal of Pharmacobiodynamics 3(3):149-159. DOI: 10.1248/jhs1956.29.P54.
Lee IP, Dixon RL. 1975. Effects of mercury on spermatogenesis studied by velocity sedimentation cell separation and serial mating. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 194(1):171-181. Link.
Wester PW. 1991. Histopathological effects of environmental pollutants [beta]-HCH and methyl mercury on reproductive organs in freshwater fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C 100(1-2):237-239. DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(91)90160-U.
USE REFERENCES
Homma-Takeda S, Kugenuma Y, Iwamuro T, Kumagai Y, Shimojo N. 2001. Impairment of spermatogenesis in rats by methylmercury: involvement of stage- and cell-specific germ cell apoptosis. Toxicology 169(1):25-35. DOI: 10.1016/S0300-483X(01)00487-5
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: June 16, 2011 DATE UPDATED: June 16, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: metiram-complex
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Charles JM, Tobia A, van Ravenzwaay B. 2000. Subchronic and chronic toxicological investigations on metiram: the lack of a carcinogenic response in rodents. Toxicol Sci 54(2):481-492. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/54.2.481.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lemaire G, Mnif W, Pascussi JM, Pillon A, Rabenoelina F, Fenet H, Gomez E, Casellas C, Nicolas JC, Cavailles V, Duchesne MJ, Balaguer P. 2006. Identification of new human pregnane X receptor ligands among pesticides using a stable reporter cell system. Toxicol Sci 91(2):501-509. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj173.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Porter WP, Green SM, Debbink NL, Carlson I. 1993. Groundwater pesticides: Interactive effects of low concentrations of carbamates aldicarb and methomyl and the triazine metribuzin on thyroxine and somatotropin levels in white rats. J Toxicol Environ Health 40(1):15-34. DOI: 10.1080/15287399309531773.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Casale GP, Vennerstrom JL, Bavari S, Wang T. 1993. Inhibition of interleukin 2 driven proliferation of mouse CTLL2 cells, by selected carbamate and organophosphate insecticides and congeners of carbaryl. Immunopharmacology & Immunotoxicology 15(2 & 3):199-215. DOI: 10.3109/08923979309025994.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US EPA. 2012. Pesticide Reregistration Status for Organophosphates. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: dechlorane
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Chen TT, Reid PC, van Beneden R, Sonstegard RA. 1986. Effect of Aroclor 1254 and mirex on estradiol-induced vitellogenin production in juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences 43(1):169-173. DOI: 10.1139/f86-019.
Chu I, Villeneuve DC, Secours VE, Valli VE, Becking GC. 1981. Effects of photomirex and mirex on reproduction in the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 60(3):549-556. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(81)90341-0.
Jovanovich L, Levin S, Khan MAQ. 1987. Significance of mirex-caused hypoglycemia and hyperlipidemia in rats. J Biochem Toxicol 2:203-213. DOI: 10.1002/jbt.2570020305.
Rogers JM, Morelli L, Grabowski CT. 1984. Plasma glucose and protein concentrations in rat fetuses and neonates exposed to cataractogenic doses of mirex. Environ Res 34(1):155-161. DOI: 10.1016/0013-9351(84)90084-7.
Yarbrough JD, Chambers JE, Grimley JM, Alley EG, Fang MM, Morrow JT, Ward BC, Conroy JD. 1981 Mar 30. Comparative study of 8-monohydromirex and mirex toxicity in male rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 58(1):105-117. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(81)90121-6.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US EPA 2001. Mirex. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: October 8, 2013
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Jewell WT, Hess RA, Miller MG. 1998. Testicular toxicity of molinate in the rat - metabolic activation via sulfoxidation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 149(2):159-166. DOI: 10.1006/taap.1998.8380.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: mono-alpha-ethyl-alpha-methylbenzyl phthalate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0.
USE REFERENCES
Corton JC, Lapinskas PJ. 2005. Table 3 In: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Mediators of phthalate ester-induced effects in the male reproductive tract? Toxicol Sci 83(1):4-17. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi011
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0
DATE ADDED: July 15, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 15, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0.
USE REFERENCES
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: July 15, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 20, 2013
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: MCE, mono-2- ( methacryloyloxy ) ethyl phthalate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0.
USE REFERENCES
PUBCHEM. Link
DATE ADDED: July 15, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 15, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: mono- ( 3-chlorophenyl-phenyl ) -methyl-phthalate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0.
USE REFERENCES
Corton JC, Lapinskas PJ. 2005. Table 3 In: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Mediators of phthalate ester-induced effects in the male reproductive tract? Toxicol Sci 83(1):4-17. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi011
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0
DATE ADDED: July 15, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 15, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: MHP, mono- ( 1-methylheptyl ) phthalate, mono-2-octyl phthalate, DL-2-octyl phthalate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0.
USE REFERENCES
Corton JC, Lapinskas PJ. 2005. Table 3 In: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Mediators of phthalate ester-induced effects in the male reproductive tract? Toxicol Sci 83(1):4-17. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi011
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0
DATE ADDED: July 15, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 15, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: mono- ( 1-methyl ) -2-norbornyl-phthalate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0.
USE REFERENCES
Corton JC, Lapinskas PJ. 2005. Table 3 In: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Mediators of phthalate ester-induced effects in the male reproductive tract? Toxicol Sci 83(1):4-17. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi011
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0
DATE ADDED: July 15, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 15, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Industrial additive, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0.
USE REFERENCES
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0
DATE ADDED: July 15, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 15, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: mono- ( 1 , 2-dimethyl ) -propyl phthalate, mono-1 , 2-dimethylpropyl phthalate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0.
USE REFERENCES
Corton JC, Lapinskas PJ. 2005. Table 3 In: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Mediators of phthalate ester-induced effects in the male reproductive tract? Toxicol Sci 83(1):4-17. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi011
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0
DATE ADDED: July 15, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 15, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: MEHP, mono ( 2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurst CH, Waxman DJ. 2003. Activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma by environmental phthalate monoesters. Toxicol Sci 74(2):297-308. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg145.
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0.
Lloyd SC, Foster PMD. 1988. Effect of mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on follicle-stimulating hormone responsiveness of cultured rat Sertoli cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 95(3):484-489. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(88)90366-3.
Thysen B, Morris PL, Gatz M, Bloch E. 1990. The effect of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on Sertoli cell transferrin secretion in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 106(1):154-157. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(90)90115-B.
Treinen KA, Dodson WC, Heindel JJ. 1990. Inhibition of FSH-stimulated cAMP accumulation and progesterone production by mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in rat granulosa cell cultures. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 106(2):334-340. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(90)90252-P.
USE REFERENCES
Itoh H, Yoshida K, Masunaga S. 2007. Quantitative identification of unknown exposure pathways of phthalates based on measuring their metabolites in human urine. Environ Sci Technol 41(13):4542-4547. DOI: 10.1021/es062926y
DATE ADDED: July 15, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 15, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: mono- ( 2 , 2-dimethyl-1-ethyl ) -propyl phthalate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0.
USE REFERENCES
Corton JC, Lapinskas PJ. 2005. Table 3 In: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Mediators of phthalate ester-induced effects in the male reproductive tract? Toxicol Sci 83(1):4-17. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi011
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0
DATE ADDED: July 15, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 15, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: mono- ( 2 , 2-dimethyl-1-isopropyl ) -propyl phthalate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0.
USE REFERENCES
Corton JC, Lapinskas PJ. 2005. Table 3 In: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Mediators of phthalate ester-induced effects in the male reproductive tract? Toxicol Sci 83(1):4-17. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi011
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0
DATE ADDED: July 15, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 15, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: mono-sec-butyl phthalate
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurst CH, Waxman DJ. 2003. Activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma by environmental phthalate monoesters. Toxicol Sci 74(2):297-308. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg145.
USE REFERENCES
Corton JC, Lapinskas PJ. 2005. Table 3 In: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Mediators of phthalate ester-induced effects in the male reproductive tract? Toxicol Sci 83(1):4-17. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi011
Hurst CH, Waxman DJ. 2003. Activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma by environmental phthalate monoesters. Toxicol Sci 74(2):297-308. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg145
DATE ADDED: July 15, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 15, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurst CH, Waxman DJ. 2003. Activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma by environmental phthalate monoesters. Toxicol Sci 74(2):297-308. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg145.
Lampen A, Zimnik S, Nau H. 2003. Teratogenic phthalate esters and metabolites activate the nuclear receptors PPARs and induce differentiation of F9 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 188(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00014-0.
USE REFERENCES
Itoh H, Yoshida K, Masunaga S. 2007. Quantitative identification of unknown exposure pathways of phthalates based on measuring their metabolites in human urine. Environ Sci Technol 41(13):4542-4547. DOI: 10.1021/es062926y
DATE ADDED: July 15, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 15, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: MBP, mono-n-butyl phthalate
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Cater BR, Cook MW, Gangolli SD, Grasso P. 1977. Studies on dibutyl phthalate-induced testicular atrophy in the rat: effect on zinc metabolism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 41(3):609-618. DOI: 10.1016/S0041-008X(77)80014-8.
USE REFERENCES
Eigenberg DA, Bozigian HP, Carter DE, Sipes IG. 1986. Distribution, excretion, and metabolism of butylbenzyl phthalate in the rat. J Toxicol Environ Health 17(4):445-456. DOI: 10.1080/15287398609530839
DATE ADDED: July 15, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 15, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kumar S, Pant SC. 1988. Comparative sublethal ovarian pathology of some pesticides in the teleost, Puntius conchonius Hamilton. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 41(2):227-232. DOI: 10.1007/BF01705435.
Pilo B, Mehan SP. 1987. Effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on acetylcholine and insulin induced glucose uptake and certain hepatic enzymes in pigeon liver: an in vitro study. Indian Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology 31(3):159-169. Link.
USE REFERENCES
American Bird Conservancy. 2010. Pesticide Profile - Dicrotophos. Link
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US EPA. 2012. Pesticide Reregistration Status for Organophosphates. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 2- ( p-hydroxyphenyl ) -2- ( p-methoxyphenyl ) -1 , 1 , 1-trichloroethane
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Blair RM, Fang H, Branham WS, Hass BS, Dial SL, Moland CL, Tong W, Shi L, Perkins R, Sheehan DM. 2000. The estrogen receptor relative binding affinities of 188 natural and xenochemicals: structural diversity of ligands. Toxicol Sci 54(1):138-153. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/54.1.138.
Gaido KW, Maness SC, McDonnell DP, Dehal SS, Kupfer D, Safe S. 2000. Interaction of methoxychlor and related compounds with estrogen receptor [alpha] and [beta], and androgen receptor: structure-activity studies. Mol Pharmacol 58(4):852-858. DOI: 10.1124/mol.58.4.852 .
Ousterhout J, Struck RF, Nelson JA. 1981. Estrogenic activities of methoxychlor metabolites. Biochem Pharmacol 30(20):2869-2871. DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(81)90429-9.
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Kupfer D, Bulger WH, Theoharides AD. 1990. Metabolism of methoxychlor by hepatic P-450 monooxygenases in rat and human. 1. Characterization of a novel catechol metabolite. Chem Res Toxicol 3(1):8-16. DOI: 10.1021/tx00013a002
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Blair RM, Fang H, Branham WS, Hass BS, Dial SL, Moland CL, Tong W, Shi L, Perkins R, Sheehan DM. 2000. The estrogen receptor relative binding affinities of 188 natural and xenochemicals: structural diversity of ligands. Toxicol Sci 54(1):138-153. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/54.1.138.
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Bulger WH, Feil VJ, Kupfer D. 1985. Role of hepatic monooxygenases in generating estrogenic metabolites from methoxychlor and from its identified contaminants. Mol Pharmacol 27(1):115-124. Link
Hirai H, Nakanishi S, Nishida T. 2004. Oxidative dechlorination of methoxychlor by ligninolytic enzymes from white-rot fungi. Chemosphere 55(4):641-645. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.11.035
Lill MA, Winiger F, Vedani A, Ernst B. 2005. Impact of induced fit on ligand binding to the androgen receptor: a multidimensional QSAR study to predict endocrine-disrupting effects of environmental chemicals. J Med Chem 48(18):5666-5674. DOI: 10.1021/jm050403f
Muneer M, Saquib M, Qamar M, Bahnemann D. 2004. Titanium-dioxide-mediated photocatalysis reaction of three selected pesticide derivatives. Research on Chemical Intermediates 30(6):663-672. DOI: 10.1163/1568567041570320
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 10, 2013
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurst CH, Waxman DJ. 2003. Activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma by environmental phthalate monoesters. Toxicol Sci 74(2):297-308. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg145.
USE REFERENCES
Itoh H, Yoshida K, Masunaga S. 2007. Quantitative identification of unknown exposure pathways of phthalates based on measuring their metabolites in human urine. Environ Sci Technol 41(13):4542-4547. DOI: 10.1021/es062926y
DATE ADDED: July 15, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 15, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Iamsaard S, Sukhorum W, Samrid R, Yimdee J, Kanla P, Chaisiwamongkol K, Hipkaeo W, Fongmoon D and Kondo H. 2014. The sensitivity of male rat reproductive organs to monosodium glutamate. Acta Med Acad 43(1):3-9. DOI: 10.5644/ama2006-124.94.
Yamamoto T, Matsuo S, Ueshima Y, Inoue F, Kinugasa A and Sawada T. 1993. Plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor-I are reduced at one week of age in monosodium L-glutamate-treated mice. Endocr J 40(4): 461-465. DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.40.461.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bitsch N, Dudas C, Korner W, Failing K, Biselli S, Rimkus G, Brunn H. 2002. Estrogenic activity of musk fragrances detected by the E-screen assay using human mcf-7 cells. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 43(3):257-264. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-002-1192-5.
USE REFERENCES
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: MX
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bitsch N, Dudas C, Korner W, Failing K, Biselli S, Rimkus G, Brunn H. 2002. Estrogenic activity of musk fragrances detected by the E-screen assay using human mcf-7 cells. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 43(3):257-264. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-002-1192-5.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hester SD, Nesnow S. 2008. Transcriptional responses in thyroid tissues from rats treated with a tumorigenic and a non-tumorigenic triazole conazole fungicide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 227(3):357-369. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.10.030.
Okubo T, Yokoyama Y, Kano K, Soya Y, Kano I. 2004. Estimation of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of selected pesticides by MCF-7 cell proliferation assay. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 46(4):445-453. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-003-3017-6.
Rockett JC, Narotsky MG, Thompson KE, Thillainadarajah I, Blystone CR, Goetz AK, Ren H, Best DS, Murrell RN, Nichols HP, Schmid JE, Wolf DC, Dix DJ. 2006. Effect of conazole fungicides on reproductive development in the female rat. Reprod Toxicol 22(4):647-658. DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.05.008.
Trosken ER, Adamska M, Arand M, Zarn JA, Patten C, Volkel W, Lutz WK. 2006. Comparison of lanosterol-14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of human and Candida albicans for inhibition by different antifungal azoles. Toxicology 228(1):24-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.007.
Trösken ER, Scholz K, Lutz RW, Völkel W, Zarn JA, Lutz WK. 2004. Comparative assessment of the inhibition of recombinant human CYP19 (aromatase) by azoles used in agriculture and as drugs for humans. Endocr Res 30(3):387-394. DOI: 10.1081/ERC-200035093.
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Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US FDA. Everything Added to Food in the U.S. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Schultz TW, Sinks GD, Cronin MTD. 2000. Effect of substituent size and dimensionality on potency of phenolic xenoestrogens evaluated with a recombinant yeast assay. Environ Toxicol Chem 19(11):2637-2642. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620191104.
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ChemIDPlus Lite. Link
Schultz TW, Sinks GD, Cronin MTD. 2000. Effect of substituent size and dimensionality on potency of phenolic xenoestrogens evaluated with a recombinant yeast assay. EnvironToxicol Chem 19(11):2637-2642. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620191104
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 4-N-benzylaminophenol
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Schultz TW, Sinks GD, Cronin MTD. 2000. Effect of substituent size and dimensionality on potency of phenolic xenoestrogens evaluated with a recombinant yeast assay. Environ Toxicol Chem 19(11):2637-2642. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620191104.
USE REFERENCES
ChemIDPlus Lite. Link
Schultz TW, Sinks GD, Cronin MTD. 2000. Effect of substituent size and dimensionality on potency of phenolic xenoestrogens evaluated with a recombinant yeast assay. EnvironToxicol Chem 19(11):2637-2642. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620191104
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hashimoto Y, Kawaguchi M, Miyazaki K, Nakamura M. 2003. Estrogenic activity of tissue conditioners in vitro. Dent Mater 19(4):341-346. DOI: 10.1016/S0109-5641(02)00064-7.
USE REFERENCES
Hashimoto Y, Kawaguchi M, Miyazaki K, Nakamura M. 2003. Estrogenic activity of tissue conditioners in vitro. Dent Mater 19(4):341-346. DOI: 10.1016/S0109-5641(02)00064-7
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: June 5, 2015 DATE UPDATED: June 5, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Industrial additive, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Jobling S, Reynolds T, White R, Parker MG, Sumpter JP. 1995. A variety of environmentally persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic. Environ Health Perspect 103(6):582-587. DOI: 10.2307/3432434 .
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Getzinger GJ, O'Connor MP, Hoelzer K, Drollette BD, Karatum O, Deshusses MA, Ferguson PL, Elsner M, Plata DL. 2015. Natural Gas Residual Fluids: Sources, Endpoints, and Organic Chemical Composition after Centralized Waste Treatment in Pennsylvania. Environ Sci Technol 49(14):8347-8355. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00471
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: heptane
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Zorad S, Klimes I, Svabova E, Mitkova A, Macho L. 1987. n-heptane and n-hexane enhance in a dose-dependent manner insulin binding to erythrocytes and its degradation. General Physiol Biophys, 6(2):197-201. Link.
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US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: hexane
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Nylén P, Ebendal T, Eriksdotter-Nilsson M, Hansson T, Henschen A, Johnson AC, Kronevi T, Kvist U, Sjöstrand NO, Höglund G, Olson L. 1989. Testicular atrophy and loss of nerve growth factor-immunoreactive germ cell line in rats exposed to n-hexane and a protective effect of simultaneous exposure to toluene or xylene. Arch Toxicol 63(4):296-307. DOI: 10.1007/BF00278643.
USE REFERENCES
Colborn T, Schultz K, Herrick L, Kwiatkowski C. 2014. An Exploratory Study of Air Quality near Natural Gas Operations. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 20(1):86-105.
Edwards PM, Young CJ, Aikin K, deGouw J, Dub WP, Geiger F, Gilman J, Helmig D, Holloway JS, Kercher J, et al. 2013. Ozone photochemistry in an oil and natural gas extraction region during winter: simulations of a snow-free season in the Uintah Basin, Utah. Atmos Chem Phys 13(17):8955-8971. DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-8955-2013
Maguire-Boyle SJ, Barron AR. 2014. Organic compounds in produced waters from shale gas wells. Environ Sci Process Impacts 16(10):2237-2248. DOI: 10.1039/C4EM00376D
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: methylpyrrolidone
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Sitarek, K. and Stetkiewicz, J., 2008. Assessment of reproductive toxicity and gonadotoxic potential of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone in male rats. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 21(1), pp.73-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10001-008-0006-z.
Sitarek, K., Stetkiewicz, J. and Wąsowicz, W., 2012. Evaluation of Reproductive Disorders in Female Rats Exposed to N‐Methyl‐2‐Pyrrolidone. Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology, 95(3), pp.195-201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bdrb.21001 .
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European Commisson. 2016. Commission Staff Working Document Impact Assessment. Defining criteria for identifying endocrine disruptors in the context of the implementation of the plant protection products regulation and biocidal products regulation. Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: April 4, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 2 , 2'- ( methylimino ) diethanol, 2- ( N-2-hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino ) ethanol, bis ( 2-hydroxyethyl ) methyl amine, bis ( 2-hydroxyethyl ) methylamine, methylbis ( 2-hydroxyethyl ) amine
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Pesticide ingredient, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Werley MS, Ballantyne B, Leung H-W, Hermansky SJ, Fowler EH. 1997. Acute and Subchronic Repeated Cutaneous Application of N-Methyldiethanolamine in the Fischer 344 Rat. J Toxicol Cutaneous Ocul Toxicol 16(3):157-171. DOI: 10.3109/15569529709048893.
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The Endocrine Disruption Exchange. 2011. Multistate Report Spreadsheet. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: nonane, nonyl hydride
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Khan S, Mukhtar H, Pandya KP. 1980. n-Octane and n-nonane induced alterations in xenobiotic metabolising enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation of rat liver. Toxicology 16(3):239-245. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(80)90120-1.
Patlolla RR, Mallampati R, Fulzele SV, Babu RJ, Singh M. 2009. Dermal microdialysis of inflammatory markers induced by aliphatic hydrocarbons in rats. Toxicol Lett 185(3):168-174. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.12.012.
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Colborn T, Schultz K, Herrick L, Kwiatkowski C. 2014. An Exploratory Study of Air Quality near Natural Gas Operations. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 20(1):86-105. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2012.749447
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: octane
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Khan S, Mukhtar H, Pandya KP. 1980. n-Octane and n-nonane induced alterations in xenobiotic metabolising enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation of rat liver. Toxicology 16(3):239-245. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(80)90120-1.
USE REFERENCES
Chemical and Product Categories (CPCAT) Link
Colborn T, Schultz K, Herrick L, Kwiatkowski C. 2014. An Exploratory Study of Air Quality near Natural Gas Operations. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 20(1):86-105. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2012.749447
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: N-OBHD, MGK-264
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurley PM, Hill RN, Whiting RJ. 1998. Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents [review]. Environ Health Perspect 106(8):437-445. DOI: 10.2307/3434175 .
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 17, 2013
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kuzan FB, Prahlad KV. 1975. The effects of 1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydroxy endo, exo-5, 8-dimthionaphthalene (aldrin) and sodium ethylenebisdithiocarbomate (Nabam) on the chick. Poult Sci 54(4):1054-1064. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0541054.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: Stoddard solvent IIC
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
NTP. 2004. NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of Stoddard Solvent IIC (Cas No. 64742-88-7) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies). Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser(519):1-274. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Ahmad I, Pacheco M, Santos MA. 2003. Naphthalene-induced differential tissue damage association with circulating fish phagocyte induction. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 54(1):7-15. DOI: 10.1016/S0147-6513(02)00036-2.
Evanson M, Van Der Kraak GJ. 2001. Stimulatory effects of selected PAHs on testosterone production in goldfish and rainbow trout and possible mechanisms of action. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 130(2):249-258. DOI: 10.1016/S1532-0456(01)00246-0.
Gesto M, Tintos A, Soengas JL, Miguez JM. 2006. Effects of acute and prolonged naphthalene exposure on brain monoaminergic neurotransmitters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-Toxicology and Pharmacology 144(2):173-183. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.08.002.
Kassotis CD, Klemp KC, Vu DC, Lin CH, Meng CX, Besch-Williford CL, Pinatti L, Zoeller RT, Drobnis EZ, Balise VD, et al. 2015 in press. Endocrine-disrupting activity of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and adverse health outcomes after prenatal exposure in male mice. Endocrinology:en20151375. DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1375.
Kassotis CD, Tillitt DE, Davis JW, Hormann AM, Nagel SC. 2014. Estrogen and androgen receptor activities of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and surface and ground water in a drilling-dense region. Endocrinology 155(3):897-907. DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1697.
Pollino CA, Georgiades E, Holdway DA. 2009. Physiological changes in reproductively active rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) following exposure to naphthalene. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 72(4):1265-1270. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2009.01.012.
Sarojini R, Nagabhushanam R, Fingerman M. 1995. Naphthalene-induced atresia in the ovary of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 31(1):76-83. DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1995.1046.
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ATSDR. 2005. Toxicological Profile for Naphthalene, 1-Methylnaphthalene and 2-Methylnaphthalene. Link
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: August 1, 2014 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
He Y, Wiseman SB, Hecker M, Zhang X, Wang N, Perez LA, Jones PD, Gamal El-Din M, Martin JW, Giesy JP. 2011. Effect of ozonation on the estrogenicity and androgenicity of oil sands process-affected water. Environmental science & technology. 45(15):6268-74. DOI: 10.1021/es2008215.
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US EPA. 2017. Inert Ingredients Overview and Guidance. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: July 17, 2017 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: naphtho ( 2 , 1 , 8-qra ) naphthacene
CATEGORY OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Machala M, Vondracek J, Blaha L, Ciganek M, Neca JV. 2001. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determined using in vitro reporter gene assay. Mutat Res 497(1-2):49-62. DOI: 10.1016/S1383-5718(01)00240-6.
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ATSDR. 1995. Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Link
DATE ADDED: August 7, 2014 DATE UPDATED: August 7, 2014
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kuiper GGJM, Lemmen JG, Carlsson B, Corton JC, Safe SH, van der Saag PT, van der Burg P, Gustafsson JA. 1998. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology 139(10):4252-4263. DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.10.6216.
Nishihara T, Nishikawa J, Kanayama T, Dakeyama F, Saito K, Imagawa M, Takatori S, Kitagawa Y, Hori S, Utsumi H. 2000. Estrogenic activities of 517 chemicals by yeast two-hybrid assay. Journal of Health Science 46(4):282-298. DOI: 10.1248/jhs.46.282.
Rosenberg RS, Grass L, Jenkins DJ, Kendall CWC, Diamandis EP. 1998. Modulation of androgen and progesterone receptors by phytochemicals in breast cancer cell lines. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications 248(3):935-939. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8977.
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Kuiper GGJM, Lemmen JG, Carlsson B, Corton JC, Safe SH, van der Saag PT, van der Burg P, Gustafsson JA. 1998. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology 139(10):4252-4263. DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.10.6216
PUBCHEM. Naringenin. Link
Rosenberg RS, Grass L, Jenkins DJ, Kendall CWC, Diamandis EP. 1998. Modulation of androgen and progesterone receptors by phytochemicals in breast cancer cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 248(3):935-939. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8977
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive, Metal/Metallurgy, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Goebeler M, Roth J, Brocker EB, Sorg C, Schulze-Osthoff K. 1995. Activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and gene expression in human endothelial cells by the common haptens nickel and cobalt. J Immunol 155(5):2459-2467. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Metal/Metallurgy, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Das KK, Dasgupta S. 1997. Alteration of testicular biochemistry during protein restriction in nickel treated rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 60(3):243-249. DOI: 10.1007/BF02784444.
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The Endocrine Disruption Exchange. 2011. Multistate Report Spreadsheet. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Gyekis J, Anthony K, Foreman JE, Klein LC, Vandenbergh DJ. 2010. Perinatal nicotine exposure delays genital development in mice. Reprod Toxicol 29(3):378-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.01.002.
Izrael M, Van der Zee EA, Slotkin TA, Yanai J. 2004. Cholinergic synaptic signaling mechanisms underlying behavioral teratogenicity: effects of nicotine, chlorpyrifos, and heroin converge on protein kinase C translocation in the intermedial part of the hyperstriatum ventrale and on imprinting behavior in an avian model. J Neurosci Res 78(4):499-507. DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20287.
Qiao D, Seidler FJ, Slotkin TA. 2005. Oxidative mechanisms contributing to the developmental neurotoxicity of nicotine and chlorpyrifos. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 206(1):17-26. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2004.11.003.
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Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US EPA. 2008. Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document for Nicotine. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Solvent
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Allenby G, Foster PM, Sharpe RM. 1991. Evaluation of changes in the secretion of immunoactive inhibin by adult rat seminiferous tubules in vitro as an indicator of early toxicant action on spermatogenesis. Fundam Appl Toxicol 16(4):710-724. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90157-Y.
Allenby G, Sharpe RM, Foster PM. 1990. Changes in Sertoli cell function in vitro induced by nitrobenzene. Fundam Appl Toxicol 14(2):364-375. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(90)90216-7.
Linder RE, Strader LF, Slott VL, Suarez JD. 1992. Endpoints of spermatotoxicity in the rat after short duration exposures to fourteen reproductive toxicants. Reprod Toxicol 6(6):491-505. DOI: 10.1016/0890-6238(92)90034-Q.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 2 , 4-dichloro-1- ( 4-nitrophenoxy ) benzene, 2 , 4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether, niclofen ( Canada ) , NIP ( Japan )
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Gray LE Jr., Kavlock RJ, Chernoff N, Ostby J, Ferrel J. 1983. Postnatal developmental alterations following prenatal exposure to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether: A dose response evaluation in the mouse. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 67(1):1-14. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(83)90239-9.
Gray LE Jr., Kavlock RJ. 1983. The effects of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether (NIT) on serum thyroid hormones in adult female mice. Toxicol Lett 15(2-3):231-235. DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(83)90221-7.
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Okubo T, Yokoyama Y, Kano K, Soya Y, Kano I. 2004. Estimation of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of selected pesticides by MCF-7 cell proliferation assay. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 46(4):445-453. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-003-3017-6.
Yamada-Okabe T, Sakai H, Kashima Y, Yamada-Okabe H. 2005. Modulation at a cellular level of the thyroid hormone receptor-mediated gene expression by 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), 4,4'-diiodobiphenyl (DIB), and nitrofen (NIP). Toxicol Lett 155(1):127-133. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.09.005.
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Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
INCHEM. 1996. Nitrofen. WHO/FAO Data Sheets on Pesticides No. 84. Link
PAN-Europe. 2006. What substances are banned and authorised in the EU market? . Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Doerge DR, Divi RL. 1995 Jul. Porphyrin pi-cation and protein radicals in peroxidase catalysis and inhibition by anti-thyroid chemicals. Xenobiotica 25(7):761-767. DOI: 10.3109/00498259509061891.
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Doerge DR, Divi RL. 1995. Porphyrin pi-cation and protein radicals in peroxidase catalysis and inhibition by anti-thyroid chemicals. Xenobiotica 25(7):761-767. DOI: 10.3109/00498259509061891
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. (Nitrobenzene) Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fujinaga M, Baden JM, Yhap EO, Mazze RI. Reproductive and teratogenic effects of nitrous oxide, isoflurane, and their combination in Sprague-Dawley rats. Anesthesiology. 1987 Dec;67(6):960-4. DOI: 10.1097/00132582-198810000-00013.
Kugel G, Zive M, Agarwal RK, Beumer JR, Kumar AM. Effect of nitrous oxide on the concentrations of opioid peptides, substance P, and LHRH in the brain and beta-endorphin in the pituitary. Anesthesia progress. 1991 Nov;38(6):206. Link.
Mazze RI, Fujinaga M, Baden JM. Reproductive and teratogenic effects of nitrous oxide, fentanyl and their combination in Sprague-Dawley rats. British journal of anaesthesia. 1987 Oct 1;59(10):1291-7. DOI: 10.1093/bja/59.10.1291.
Mazze RI, Wilson AI, Rice SA, Baden JM. Reproduction and fetal development in rats exposed to nitrous oxide. Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology. 1984 Oct 1;30(2):259-65. DOI: 10.1002/tera.1420300213.
Rowland AS, Baird DD, Weinberg CR, Shore DL, Shy CM, Wilcox AJ. Reduced fertility among women employed as dental assistants exposed to high levels of nitrous oxide. New England Journal of Medicine. 1992 Oct 1;327(14):993-7. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199210013271405.
Zhang Q, Rosenberg M, Kugel G, Agarwal RK, Phillips J, Kumar MS. Effect of nitrous oxide on intracellular events of GT1-7 GnRH-secreting neurons. 2003. Anesth Prog 50(2):53. Link.
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US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. 2017. Inert Ingredients Overview and Guidance. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: July 13, 2017 DATE UPDATED: July 13, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: cis-nonachlor
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Klotz DM, Beckman BS, Hill SM, McLachlan JA, Walters MR, Arnold SF. 1996. Identification of environmental chemicals with estrogenic activity using a combination of in vitro assays. Environ Health Perspect 104(10):1084-1089. DOI: 10.2307/3433121 .
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Anal Bioanal Chem 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0.
Vonier PM, Crain DA, McLachlan JA, Guillette LJ Jr., Arnold SF. 1996. Interaction of environmental chemicals with the estrogen and progesterone receptors from the oviduct of the American alligator. Environ Health Perspect 104(12):1318-1322. DOI: 10.2307/3432968 .
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: trans-nonachlor
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Klotz DM, Beckman BS, Hill SM, McLachlan JA, Walters MR, Arnold SF. 1996. Identification of environmental chemicals with estrogenic activity using a combination of in vitro assays. Environ Health Perspect 104(10):1084-1089. DOI: 10.2307/3433121 .
Lemaire G, De Sousa G, Rahmani R. 2004. A PXR reporter gene assay in a stable cell culture system: CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 induction by pesticides. Biochem Pharmacol 68(12):2347-2358. DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.07.041.
Lemaire G, Mnif W, Mauvais P, Balaguer P, Rahmani R. 2006. Activation of alpha- and beta-estrogen receptors by persistent pesticides in reporter cell lines. Life Sci 79(12):1160-1169. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.03.023.
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Anal Bioanal Chem 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0.
Vonier PM, Crain DA, McLachlan JA, Guillette LJ Jr., Arnold SF. 1996. Interaction of environmental chemicals with the estrogen and progesterone receptors from the oviduct of the American alligator. Environ Health Perspect 104(12):1318-1322. DOI: 10.2307/3432968 .
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: NFDH, 2 , 2 , 3 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 5 , 5 , 6 , 6 , 7 , 7 , 8 , 8 , 9 , 9 , 10 , 10 , 10-nonadecafluoro-1-decanol
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Industrial additive
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Ishibashi H, Ishida H, Matsuoka M, Tominaga N and Arizono K. 2007. Estrogenic effects of fluorotelomer alcohols for human estrogen receptor isoforms α and β in vitro. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 30(7):1358-1359. DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1358.
Ishibashi H, Yamauchi R, Matsuoka M, Kim JW, Hirano M, Yamaguchi A, Tominaga N and Arizono K. 2008. Fluorotelomer alcohols induce hepatic vitellogenin through activation of the estrogen receptor in male medaka (Oryzias latipes). Chemosphere 71(10):1853-1859. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.01.065.
USE REFERENCES
Ishibashi H. Yamauchi R, Matsuoka M, Kim JW, Hirano M, Yamaguchi A, Tominaga N and Arizono K. 2008. Fluorotelomer alcohols induce hepatic vitellogenin through activation of the estrogen receptor in male medaka (Oryzias latipes). Chemosphere 71(10):1853-1859. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.01.065
DATE ADDED: December 6, 2017 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: nonyl-4-hydroxybenzoate
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Schultz TW, Sinks GD, Cronin MTD. 2000. Effect of substituent size and dimensionality on potency of phenolic xenoestrogens evaluated with a recombinant yeast assay. Environ Toxicol Chem 19(11):2637-2642. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620191104.
USE REFERENCES
Schultz TW, Sinks GD, Cronin MTD. 2000. Effect of substituent size and dimensionality on potency of phenolic xenoestrogens evaluated with a recombinant yeast assay. EnvironToxicol Chem 19(11):2637-2642. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620191104
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fang H, Tong WD, Branham WS, Moland CL, Dial SL, Hong HX, Xie Q, Perkins R, Owens W, Sheehan DM. 2003. Study of 202 natural, synthetic, and environmental chemicals for binding to the androgen receptor. Chem Res Toxicol 16(10):1338-1358. DOI: 10.1021/tx030011g.
Soto AM, Justicia H, Wray JW and Sonnenschein C. 1991. p-Nonyl-phenol: An estrogenic xenobiotic released from "modified" polystyrene. Environmental Health Perspectives 92: 167-173. DOI: 10.2307/3431154.
USE REFERENCES
Kovarova J, Blahova J, Divisova L, Svobodova Z. 2013. Alkylphenol ethoxylates and alkylphenols–update information on occurrence, fate and toxicity in aquatic environment. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 16(4):763-72. DOI: 10.2478/pjvs-2013-0111
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 27, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: Igepal CO-210
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Petit F, Le Goff P, Cravedi JP, Valotaire Y, Pakdel F. 1997. Two complementary bioassays for screening the estrogenic potency of xenobiotics: recombinant yeast for trout estrogen receptor and trout hepatocyte cultures. J Mol Endocrinol 19(3):321-335. DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0190321.
USE REFERENCES
Petit F, Le Goff P, Cravedi JP, Valotaire Y, Pakdel F. 1997. Two complementary bioassays for screening the estrogenic potency of xenobiotics: recombinant yeast for trout estrogen receptor and trout hepatocyte cultures. J Mol Endocrinol 19(3):321-335. DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0190321
Rhodia Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: Igepal CO-720, nonoxynol-12
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kassotis CD, Klemp KC, Vu DC, Lin CH, Meng CX, Besch-Williford CL, Pinatti L, Zoeller RT, Drobnis EZ, Balise VD, and Isiguzo CJ, 2015. Endocrine-disrupting activity of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and adverse health outcomes after prenatal exposure in male mice. Endocrinology, 156(12), pp.4458-4473. DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1375.
Petit F, Le Goff P, Cravedi JP, Valotaire Y, Pakdel F. 1997. Two complementary bioassays for screening the estrogenic potency of xenobiotics: recombinant yeast for trout estrogen receptor and trout hepatocyte cultures. J Mol Endocrinol 19(3):321-335. DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0190321.
USE REFERENCES
Petit F, Le Goff P, Cravedi JP, Valotaire Y, Pakdel F. 1997. Two complementary bioassays for screening the estrogenic potency of xenobiotics: recombinant yeast for trout estrogen receptor and trout hepatocyte cultures. J Mol Endocrinol 19(3):321-335. DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0190321
Rhodia Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: NDGA
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Food additives and contact material, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fujimoto N, Kohta R, Kitamura S, Honda H. 2004 Jan 30. Estrogenic activity of an antioxidant, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). Life Sci 74(11):1417-1425. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.08.012.
USE REFERENCES
Fujimoto N, Kohta R, Kitamura S and Honda H. 2004. Estrogenic activity of an antioxidant, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). Life Sciences 74(11): 1417-1425. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.08.012
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Blair RM, Fang H, Branham WS, Hass BS, Dial SL, Moland CL, Tong W, Shi L, Perkins R, Sheehan DM. 2000. The estrogen receptor relative binding affinities of 188 natural and xenochemicals: structural diversity of ligands. Toxicol Sci 54(1):138-153. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/54.1.138.
USE REFERENCES
Arteaga S, Andrade-Cetto A, Cardenas R. 2005. Larrea tridentata (Creosote bush), an abundant plant of Mexican and US-American deserts and its metabolite nordihydroguaiaretic acid. J Ethnopharmacol 98(3):231-239. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.02.002
Rahman S, Ansari RA, Rehman H, Parvez S, Raisuddin S. 2011. Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid from Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata) Mitigates 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate-Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Responses of Tumor Promotion Cascade in Mouse Skin. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2011:734785. DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep076
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Sanderson JT, Boerma J, Lansbergen GW, van den Berg M. 2002. Induction and inhibition of aromatase (CYP19) activity by various classes of pesticides in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 182(1):44-54. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9420.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 2-aminophenol, o-Hydroxyaniline, 2-Hydroxyaniline
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Rogers, K.S. and Evangelista, S.J., 1985. 3-Hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and o-aminophenol inhibit leucine-stimulated insulin release from rat pancreatic islets. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 178(2), pp.275-278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-178-42010.
USE REFERENCES
European Commisson. 2016. Commission Staff Working Document Impact Assessment. Defining criteria for identifying endocrine disruptors in the context of the implementation of the plant protection products regulation and biocidal products regulation. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: April 4, 2018
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Oh SM, Kim HR, Chung KH. 2009 Oct. In vitro estrogenic and antiestrogenic potential of chlorostyrenes. Toxicol In Vitro 23(7):1242-1248. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.07.032.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 2-isopropylphenol
CATEGORY OF USE: Food additives and contact material
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kitagawa Y, Takatori S, Oda H, Nishikawa J, Nishihara T, Nakazawa H, Hori S. 2003. Detection of thyroid hormone receptor-binding activities of chemicals using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Journal of Health Science 49(2):99-104. DOI: 10.1248/jhs.49.99.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: ortho-phenylphenol, 2-phenylphenol, 2-biphenylol, 2-hydroxybiphenyl, 2OH-biphenyl
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Cappelletti V, Saturno G, Miodini P, Korner W, Daidone MG. 2003. Selective modulation of ER-beta by estradiol and xenoestrogens in human breast cancer cell lines. Cellular & Molecular Life Sciences 60(3):567-576. DOI: 10.1007/s000180300048.
Déchaud H, Ravard C, Claustrat F, de la Perrière AB, Pugeat M. 1999. Xenoestrogen interaction with human sex hormone-binding globulin (hSHBG). Steroids 64(5):328-334. DOI: 10.1016/S0039-128X(98)00114-7.
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Kugathas S, Audouze K, Ermler S, Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2015 (in press). Effects of common pesticides on prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) inhibition in SC5 mouse Sertoli cells, evidence of binding at the COX2 active site, and implications for endocrine disruption. Environ Health Perspect. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409544.
Okubo T, Kano I. 2003. [Studies on estrogenic activities of food additives with human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and mechanism of estrogenicity by BHA and OPP]. Yakugaku Zasshi 123(6):443-452. DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.123.443.
Van den Berg KJ, van Raaij JAGM, Bragt PC, Notten WRF. 1991. Interactions of halogenated industrial chemicals with transthyretin and effects on thyroid hormone levels in vivo. Arch Toxicol 65(1):15-19. DOI: 10.1007/BF01973497.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: OBP, 2-tert-butylphenol
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kitagawa Y, Takatori S, Oda H, Nishikawa J, Nishihara T, Nakazawa H, Hori S. 2003. Detection of thyroid hormone receptor-binding activities of chemicals using a yeast two-hybrid assay. Journal of Health Science 49(2):99-104. DOI: 10.1248/jhs.49.99.
Shiizaki K, Asai S, Ebata S, Kawanishi M, Yagi T. 2010. Establishment of Yeast Reporter Assay Systems to Detect Ligands of Thyroid Hormone Receptors alpha and beta. Toxicol In Vitro 24(2):638-644. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.10.001.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: [ ( o-tolylMeSiO ) ( Me2Si0 ) 3]
CATEGORY OF USE: Use/Source not available
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hayden JF, Barlow SA. 1972. Structure-activity relationships of organosiloxanes and the female reproductive system. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 21(1):68-79. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(72)90028-2.
DATE ADDED: October 26, 2015 DATE UPDATED: October 26, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: o , p'-dichlorodiphenylacetic acid, 2 , 4'-DDA
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bitman J, Cecil HC, Harris SJ, Feil VJ. 1978. Estrogenic activity of o,p'-DDT metabolites and related compounds. J Agric Food Chem 26(1):149-151. DOI: 10.1021/jf60215a002.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. (DDT, mitotane) Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: February 19, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: mitotane, o , p'-TDE, 1 , 1-dichloro-2 , 2-bis ( 2 , 4'-dichlorophenyl ) ethane, 2 , 4'-DDD
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Cheek AO, Kow K, Chen J, McLachlan JA. 1999. Potential mechanisms of thyroid disruption in humans: Interaction of organochlorine compounds with thyroid receptor, transthyretin, and thyroid-binding globulin. Environ Health Perspect 107(4):273-278. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.99107273.
Klotz DM, Beckman BS, Hill SM, McLachlan JA, Walters MR, Arnold SF. 1996. Identification of environmental chemicals with estrogenic activity using a combination of in vitro assays. Environ Health Perspect 104(10):1084-1089. DOI: 10.2307/3433121 .
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Anal Bioanal Chem 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0.
Van den Berg KJ, van Raaij JAGM, Bragt PC, Notten WRF. 1991. Interactions of halogenated industrial chemicals with transthyretin and effects on thyroid hormone levels in vivo. Arch Toxicol 65(1):15-19. DOI: 10.1007/BF01973497.
Vonier PM, Crain DA, McLachlan JA, Guillette LJ Jr., Arnold SF. 1996. Interaction of environmental chemicals with the estrogen and progesterone receptors from the oviduct of the American alligator. Environ Health Perspect 104(12):1318-1322. DOI: 10.2307/3432968 .
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. (DDD) Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: February 19, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 2 , 2- ( 2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl ) -1 , 1-dichloroethene, 2 , 4'-DDE
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bitman J, Cecil HC, Harris SJ, Feil VJ. 1978. Estrogenic activity of o,p'-DDT metabolites and related compounds. J Agric Food Chem 26(1):149-151. DOI: 10.1021/jf60215a002.
Kramer VJ, Giesy JP. 1999. Specific binding of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites and other substances to bovine calf uterine estrogen receptor: structure-binding relationships. Sci Total Environ 233(1-3):141-161. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00221-1.
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Anal Bioanal Chem 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0.
Soto AM, Sonnenschein C, Chung KL, Fernandez MF, Olea N, Serrano FO. 1995. The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: An update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 103 (Suppl. 7):113-122. DOI: 10.2307/3432519 .
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. (DDT) Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: February 19, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 1 , 1 , 1-trichloro-2- ( o-chlorophenyl ) -2- ( p-chlorophenyl ) ethane, 2 , 4'-DDT
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Danzo BJ. 1997. Environmental xenobiotics may disrupt normal endocrine function by interfering with the binding of physiological ligands to steroid receptors and binding proteins. Environ Health Perspect 105(3):294-301. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.97105294.
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
McBlain WA, Lewin V, Wolfe FH. 1976. Differing estrogenic activities for the enantiomers of o,p'-DDT in immature female rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 54(4):629-632. DOI: 10.1139/y76-088.
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Anal Bioanal Chem 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0.
Soto AM, Sonnenschein C, Chung KL, Fernandez MF, Olea N, Serrano FO. 1995. The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: An update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 103 (Suppl. 7):113-122. DOI: 10.2307/3432519 .
vom Saal FS, Nagel SC, Palanza P, Boechler M, Parmigiani S, Welshons WV. 1995. Estrogenic pesticides: Binding relative to estradiol in MCF-7 cells and effects of exposure during fetal life on subsequent territorial behavior in male mice. Toxicol Lett 77(1-3):343-350. DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(95)03316-5.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. (DDT) Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: Octa LM
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hamers T, Kamstra JH, Sonneveld E, Murk AJ, Kester MH, Andersson PL, Legler J, Brouwer A. 2006. In vitro profiling of the endocrine-disrupting potency of brominated flame retardants. Toxicol Sci 92(1):157-173. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj187.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: August 7, 2014 DATE UPDATED: August 7, 2014
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Metal/Metallurgy
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Chu I, Villeneuve DC, Secours VE, Yagminas A, Reed B, Valli VE. 1984. Octachlorostyrene: a 90-day toxicity study in the rat. Fundam Appl Toxicol 4(4):547-557. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(84)90044-7.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: stearic acid
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Azevedo-Martins AK, Monteiro AP, Lima CL, Lenzen S, Curi R. 2006. Fatty acid-induced toxicity and neutral lipid accumulation in insulin-producing RINm5F cells. Toxicol In Vitro 20(7):1106-1113. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.02.007.
USE REFERENCES
The Endocrine Disruption Exchange. 2011. Multistate Report Spreadsheet. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFBDI
CATEGORY OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Wang C, Wang T, Liu W, Ruan T, Zhou Q, Liu J, Zhang A, Zhao B, Jiang G. 2012. The in vitro estrogenic activities of polyfluorinated iodine alkanes. Environ Health Perspect 120(1):119-125. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103773.
USE REFERENCES
Wang C, Wang T, Liu W, Ruan T, Zhou Q, Liu J, Zhang A, Zhao B and Jiang G. 2012. The in vitro estrogenic activities of polyfluorinated iodine alkanes. Environ Health Perspect 120(1):119-125. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1103773
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: D4
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
McKim JM Jr., Wilga PC, Breslin WJ, Plotzke KP, Gallavan RH, Meeks RG. 2001. Potential estrogenic and antiestrogenic activity of the cyclic siloxane octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and the linear siloxane hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) in immature rats using the uterotrophic assay. Toxicol Sci 63(1):37-46. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/63.1.37.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kunz PY, Fent K. 2006. Multiple hormonal activities of UV filters and comparison of in vivo and in vitro estrogenic activity of ethyl-4-aminobenzoate in fish. Aquat Toxicol 79(4):305-324. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.016.
USE REFERENCES
ChemIDPlus Lite. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: octisalate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate
CATEGORY OF USE: Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kunz PY, Fent K. 2006. Multiple hormonal activities of UV filters and comparison of in vivo and in vitro estrogenic activity of ethyl-4-aminobenzoate in fish. Aquat Toxicol 79(4):305-324. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.016.
Kunz PY, Galicia HF, Fent K. 2006. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo estrogenic activity of UV filters in fish. Toxicol Sci 90(2):349-361 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj082.
USE REFERENCES
ChemIDPlus Lite. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: OD-PABA, octyl-dimethyl-p-aminobenzoate, padimate O, 2-ethylhexyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, 4- ( dimethylamino ) benzoic acid , 2-ethylhexyl ester
CATEGORIES OF USE: Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kunz PY, Fent K. 2006. Multiple hormonal activities of UV filters and comparison of in vivo and in vitro estrogenic activity of ethyl-4-aminobenzoate in fish. Aquat Toxicol 79(4):305-324. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.016.
Schlumpf M, Cotton B, Conscience M, Haller V, Steinmann B, Lichtensteiger W. 2001. In vitro and in vivo estrogenicity of UV screens. Environ Health Perspect 109(3):239-244. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 23, 2013
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metabolite/Degradate, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fan WQ, Yanase T, Morinaga H, Gondo S, Okabe T, Nomura M, Komatsu T, Morohashi K-I, Hayes TB, Takayanagi R, Nawata H. 2007. Atrazine-induced aromatase expression is SF-1 dependent: implications for endocrine disruption in wildlife and reproductive cancers in humans. Environ Health Perspect 115(5):720-727. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9758.
USE REFERENCES
European Tyre & Rubber Manufacturer's Asssociation (ETRMA). 2007. EU Risk Reduction Strategy proposed for octylphenol. Link
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System. Link
Scottish Environment Agency (SEPA). Octylphenols. Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 23, 2013
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 9-octadecenoic acid, Z-9-Octadecenoic acid, elaidoic acid, oleinic acid
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Warnotte C, Nenquin M, Henquin JC. 1999. Unbound rather than total concentration and saturation rather than unsaturation determine the potency of fatty acids on insulin secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 153(1-2):147-153. DOI: 10.1016/S0303-7207(99)00069-6.
USE REFERENCES
The Endocrine Disruption Exchange. 2011. Multistate Report Spreadsheet. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hall LC, Okihiro M, Johnson ML, Teh SJ. 2007. Surflan (TM) and oryzalin impair reproduction in the teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes). Marine Environmental Research 63(2):115-131. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2006.07.003.
Hall LC, Rogers JM, Denison MS, Johnson ML. 2005. Identification of the herbicide Surflan and its active ingredient oryzalin, a dinitrosulfonamide, as xenoestrogens. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 48(2):201-208. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-003-0164-8.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lemaire G, Mnif W, Pascussi JM, Pillon A, Rabenoelina F, Fenet H, Gomez E, Casellas C, Nicolas JC, Cavailles V, Duchesne MJ, Balaguer P. 2006. Identification of new human pregnane X receptor ligands among pesticides using a stable reporter cell system. Toxicol Sci 91(2):501-509. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj173.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Klotz DM, Arnold SF, McLachlan JA. 1997. Inhibition of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone activity in human breast and endometrial cancer cells by carbamate insecticides. Life Sci 60(17):1467-1475. DOI: 10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00098-2.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fujita K, Nagaoka M, Komatsu Y, Iwahashi H. 2003. Yeast pheromone signaling pathway as a bioassay to assess the effect of chemicals on mammalian peptide hormones. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 56(3):358-366. DOI: 10.1016/S0147-6513(02)00116-1.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 4-Aminophenol, 4-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyaniline
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Burnett, C.M., Re, T.A., Rodriguez, S., Loehr, R.F. and Dressler, W.E., 1989. The toxicity of p-aminophenol in the Sprague-Dawley rat: Effects on growth, reproduction and foetal development. Food and chemical toxicology, 27(10), pp.691-698. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(89)90124-5.
Harada, T., Kimura, E., Hirata-Koizumi, M., Hirose, A., Kamata, E. and Ema, M., 2008. Reproductive and developmental toxicity screening study of 4-aminophenol in rats. Drug and chemical toxicology, 31(4), pp.473-486. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01480540802390627.
USE REFERENCES
European Commisson. 2016. Commission Staff Working Document Impact Assessment. Defining criteria for identifying endocrine disruptors in the context of the implementation of the plant protection products regulation and biocidal products regulation. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: April 4, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 4-chloroaniline, 4-chlorobenzenamine, p-chloraniline, 4-chloro-benzenamine
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bresch, H., Beck, H., Ehlermann, D., Schlaszus, H. and Urbanek, M., 1990. A long-term toxicity test comprising reproduction and growth of zebrafish with 4-chloroaniiine. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 19(3), pp.419-427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01054987.
Chhabra, R.S., Huff, J.E., Haseman, J.K., Elwell, M.R. and Peters, A.C., 1991. Carcinogenicity of p-chloroaniline in rats and mice. Food and chemical toxicology, 29(2), pp.119-124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(91)90166-5.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: June 20, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: p-chloroaniline hydrochloride, 4-chlorobenzenamine hydrochloride, 4-chloroanilinium chloride
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Metabolite/Degradate, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
National Toxicology Program, 1989. NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of para-Chloroaniline Hydrochloride (CAS No. 20265-96-7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). National Toxicology Program technical report series, 351, p.1. Link.
USE REFERENCES
National Toxicology Program, 1989. NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of para-Chloroaniline Hydrochloride (CAS No. 20265-96-7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). National Toxicology Program technical report series, 351, p.1. Link
DATE ADDED: June 20, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 1-chloro-4- ( ( ( 3-iodo-2-propynyl ) oxy ) methoxy ) benzene, p-chlorophenyl-3-iodopropargylformyl, CPIP
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Nakama A, Funasaka K, Shimizu M. 2007. Evaluation of estrogenic activity of organic biocides using ER-binding and YES assay. Food Chem Toxicol 45(9):1558-1564. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.02.014.
USE REFERENCES
Nakama A, Funasaka K and Shimizu M. 2007. Evaluation of estrogenic activity of organic biocides using ER-binding and YES assay. Food Chem Toxicol 45(9): 1558-1564. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.02.014
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Industrial additive, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Oh SM, Kim HR, Chung KH. 2009 Oct. In vitro estrogenic and antiestrogenic potential of chlorostyrenes. Toxicol In Vitro 23(7):1242-1248. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.07.032.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 4-methylphenol
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Dietz, D. NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of Cresols (CAS Nos. 95-48-7, 108-39-4, 106-44-5) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies). Toxicity report series, 1991, 9: 1-128. PMID:12209177. Link.
Kawakami K, Makino I, Kato I, Uchida K, Onoue M. 2009. p-Cresol inhibits IL-12 production by murine macrophages stimulated with bacterial immunostimulant. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 31(2):304-309. DOI: 10.1080/08923970802680299.
Nakamura M, Yamazaki I, Kotani T, Ohtaki S. 1989. Thyroglobulin-mediated one- and two-electron oxidations of glutathione and ascorbate in thyroid peroxidase systems. J Biol Chem 264(22):12909-12913. Link.
Nishihara T, Nishikawa J, Kanayama T, Dakeyama F, Saito K, Imagawa M, Takatori S, Kitagawa Y, Hori S, Utsumi H. 2000. Estrogenic activities of 517 chemicals by yeast two-hybrid assay. Journal of Health Science 46(4):282-298. DOI: 10.1248/jhs.46.282.
Thompson DC, Perera K, Fisher R, Brendel K. 1994. Cresol isomers: comparison of toxic potency in rat liver slices. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 125(1):51-58. DOI: 10.1006/taap.1994.1048.
USE REFERENCES
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 4- ( 1-methyl-1-phenethyl ) -Phenol, 4-alpha-cumylphenol
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fang H, Tong WD, Branham WS, Moland CL, Dial SL, Hong HX, Xie Q, Perkins R, Owens W, Sheehan DM. 2003. Study of 202 natural, synthetic, and environmental chemicals for binding to the androgen receptor. Chem Res Toxicol 16(10):1338-1358. DOI: 10.1021/tx030011g.
Matsushima A, Teramoto T, Okada H, Liu X, Tokunaga T, Kakuta Y, Shimohigashi Y. 2008. ERRgamma tethers strongly bisphenol A and 4-alpha-cumylphenol in an induced-fit manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 373(3):408-413. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.06.050.
Terasaki M, Shiraishi F, Nishikawa T, Edmonds JS, Morita M, Makino M. 2005. Estrogenic activity of impurities in industrial grade bisphenol A. Environ Sci Technol 39(10):3703-3707. DOI: 10.1021/es048932g.
USE REFERENCES
Terasaki M, Shiraishi F, Nishikawa T, Edmonds JS, Morita M and Makino M. 2005. Estrogenic activity of impurities in industrial grade bisphenol A. Environ Sci Technol 39(10):3703-3707. DOI: 10.1021/es048932g
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: p-hydroxybenzoate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lemini C, Silva G, Timossi C, Luque D, Valverde A, González-Martínez M, Hernandez A, Rubio-Póo C, Chávez Lara B, Valenzuela F. 1997. Estrogenic effects of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in CD1 mice. Environ Res 75(2):130-134. DOI: 10.1006/enrs.1997.3782.
Peungvicha P, Thirawarapan SS, Watanabe H. 1998. Possible mechanism of hypoglycemic effect of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, a constituent of Pandanus odorus root. Jpn J Pharmacol 78(3):395-398. DOI: 10.1254/jjp.78.395.
Pugazhendhi D, Pope GS, Darbre PD. 2005. Oestrogenic activity of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (common metabolite of paraben esters) and methylparaben in human breast cancer cell lines. J Appl Toxicol 25(4):301-319. DOI: 10.1002/jat.1066.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 17, 2013
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 4-nitroaniline, p-nitraniline, 4-nitrobenzenamine, p-aminonitrobenzene
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Nair, R.S., Auletta, C.S., Schroeder, R.E. and Johannsen, F.R., 1990. Chronic toxicity, oncogenic potential, and reproductive toxicity of p-nitroaniline in rats. Toxicological Sciences, 15(3), pp.607-621. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/15.3.607.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: June 20, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: benzene-1 , 4-diamine, 1 , 4-benzenediamine, 1 , 4-diaminobenzene, 1 , 4-phenylenediamine
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bharali, M.K. and Dutta, K., 2012. Testicular toxicity of para-phenylenediamine after subchronic topical application in rat. International journal of environmental health research, 22(3), pp.270-278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2011.634388.
USE REFERENCES
European Commisson. 2016. Commission Staff Working Document Impact Assessment. Defining criteria for identifying endocrine disruptors in the context of the implementation of the plant protection products regulation and biocidal products regulation. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: April 4, 2018 DATE UPDATED: June 20, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 4-xylene
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Ungváry, G., Varga, B., Horváth, E., Tátrai, E. and Folly, G., 1981. Study on the role of maternal sex steroid production and metabolism in the embryotoxicity of para-xylene. Toxicology, 19(3), pp.263-268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(81)90136-0.
USE REFERENCES
Chemical and Product Categories (CPCAT) Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 30, 2018 DATE UPDATED: March 30, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 4 , 4'- ( octahydro-4 , 7-methano-5H-inden-5-ylidene ) bisphenol
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Akahori Y, Nakai M, Yamasaki K, Takatsuki M, Shimohigashi Y, Ohtaki M. 2008. Relationship between the results of in vitro receptor binding assay to human estrogen receptor alpha and in vivo uterotrophic assay: Comparative study with 65 selected chemicals. Toxicol in Vitro 22(1):225-231. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.08.004.
USE REFERENCES
ChemIDPlus Lite. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: p , p'-TDE, 1 , 1-bis ( 4-chlorophenyl ) -2 , 2-dichloroethane, 4 , 4'-DDD
CATEGORIES OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Klotz DM, Beckman BS, Hill SM, McLachlan JA, Walters MR, Arnold SF. 1996. Identification of environmental chemicals with estrogenic activity using a combination of in vitro assays. Environ Health Perspect 104(10):1084-1089. DOI: 10.2307/3433121 .
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Anal Bioanal Chem 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0.
Van den Berg KJ, van Raaij JAGM, Bragt PC, Notten WRF. 1991. Interactions of halogenated industrial chemicals with transthyretin and effects on thyroid hormone levels in vivo. Arch Toxicol 65(1):15-19. DOI: 10.1007/BF01973497.
USE REFERENCES
PANNA. PAN Pesticide Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. (DDD) Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: February 19, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 2 , 2-bis ( 4-chlorophenyl ) -1 , 1-dichloroethene, 2 , 2-bis ( 4-chlorophenyl ) -1 , 1-dichloroethylene, 4 , 4'-DDE
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Danzo BJ. 1997. Environmental xenobiotics may disrupt normal endocrine function by interfering with the binding of physiological ligands to steroid receptors and binding proteins. Environ Health Perspect 105(3):294-301. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.97105294.
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2011. Widely used pesticides with previously unknown endocrine activity revealed as in vitro antiandrogens. Environ Health Perspect 119(6):794-800. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002895.
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Anal Bioanal Chem 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0.
Soto AM, Sonnenschein C, Chung KL, Fernandez MF, Olea N, Serrano FO. 1995. The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: An update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 103 (Suppl. 7):113-122. DOI: 10.2307/3432519 .
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. (DDT) Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: February 19, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 2 , 2-bis ( p-chlorophenyl ) -ethanol, DDOH, 4 , 4'-DDOH
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Cheek AO, Kow K, Chen J, McLachlan JA. 1999. Potential mechanisms of thyroid disruption in humans: Interaction of organochlorine compounds with thyroid receptor, transthyretin, and thyroid-binding globulin. Environ Health Perspect 107(4):273-278. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.99107273.
Vonier PM, Crain DA, McLachlan JA, Guillette LJ Jr., Arnold SF. 1996. Interaction of environmental chemicals with the estrogen and progesterone receptors from the oviduct of the American alligator. Environ Health Perspect 104(12):1318-1322. DOI: 10.2307/3432968 .
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. (DDT) Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: February 19, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 1 , 1 , 1-trichloro-2 , 2-bis ( p-chlorophenyl ) ethane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, , 4 , 4'-DDT
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Danzo BJ. 1997. Environmental xenobiotics may disrupt normal endocrine function by interfering with the binding of physiological ligands to steroid receptors and binding proteins. Environ Health Perspect 105(3):294-301. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.97105294.
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Anal Bioanal Chem 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0.
Soto AM, Sonnenschein C, Chung KL, Fernandez MF, Olea N, Serrano FO. 1995. The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: An update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 103 (Suppl. 7):113-122. DOI: 10.2307/3432519 .
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. (DDT) Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: February 19, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 4 , 4'-methylenedianilinium dichloride
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lamb, J.C., Huff, J.E., Haseman, J.K., Murthy, A.S.K. and Lilja, H., 1986. Carcinogenesis studies of 4, 4'‐methylenedianiline dihydrochloride given in drinking water to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A Current Issues, 18(3), pp.325-337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15287398609530874.
National Toxicology Program, 1983. NTP Carcinogenesis Studies of 4, 4'-Methylenedianiline Dihydrochloride (CAS No. 13552-44-8) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Drinking Water Studies). National Toxicology Program technical report series, 248, p.1. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: June 20, 2018
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Long M, Laier P, Vinggaard AM, Andersen HR, Lynggaard J, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC. 2003. Effects of currently used pesticides in the AhR-CALUX assay: comparison between the human TV101L and the rat H4IIE cell line. Toxicology 194(1-2):77-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2003.08.001 Get .
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: March 25, 2015 DATE UPDATED: March 25, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Casale GP, Vennerstrom JL, Bavari S, Wang T. 1993. Inhibition of interleukin 2 driven proliferation of mouse CTLL2 cells, by selected carbamate and organophosphate insecticides and congeners of carbaryl. Immunopharmacology & Immunotoxicology 15(2 & 3):199-215. DOI: 10.3109/08923979309025994.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 1 , 1'-dimethyl-4 , 4'-bipyridinium
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Edmonds BK, Edwards GL. 1996. The area postrema is involved in paraquat-induced conditioned aversion behavior and neuroendocrine activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Brain Res 712(1):127-133. DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(95)01419-5.
FitzGerald GR, Barniville G, FitzPatrick P, Edwards A, Silke B, Carmody M, O'Dwyer WF. 1977. Adrenal abnormalities in paraquat poisoning: An indication for corticosteroid therapy. Ir J Med Sci 146(12):421-423. DOI: 10.1007/BF03031000.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Rose MS, Crabtree HC, Fletcher K, Wyatt I. 1974. Biochemical effects of diquat and paraquat. Biochem J 138(Part 3):437-443. DOI: 10.1042/bj1380437 .
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: ethyl-parathion
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Klotz DM, Arnold SF, McLachlan JA. 1997. Inhibition of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone activity in human breast and endometrial cancer cells by carbamate insecticides. Life Sci 60(17):1467-1475. DOI: 10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00098-2.
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Mota LC, Hernandez JP, Baldwin WS. 2010. Constitutive androgen receptor-null mice are sensitive to the toxic effects of parathion: association with reduced cytochrome p450-mediated parathion metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos 38(9):1582-1588. DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.032961.
Rattner BA, Clarke RN, Ottinger MA. 1986. Depression of plasma luteinizinag hormone concentration in quail by the anticholinesterase insecticide parathion. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology C 83(2):451-453. DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(86)90153-2.
Van den Berg KJ, van Raaij JAGM, Bragt PC, Notten WRF. 1991. Interactions of halogenated industrial chemicals with transthyretin and effects on thyroid hormone levels in vivo. Arch Toxicol 65(1):15-19. DOI: 10.1007/BF01973497.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US EPA. 2012. Pesticide Reregistration Status for Organophosphates. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: methyl-parathion
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Crittenden PL, Carr R, Pruett SB. 1998. Immunotoxicological assessment of methyl parathion in female B6C3F1 mice. J Toxicol Environ Health A 54(1):1-20. DOI: 10.1080/009841098158999.
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Lukaszewicz-Hussain A, Moniuszko-Jakoniuk J, Pawlowska D. 1985. Blood glucose and insulin concentration in rats subjected to physical exercise in acute poisoning with parathion-methyl. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm 37(5):647-651. Link.
Petit F, Le Goff P, Cravedi JP, Valotaire Y, Pakdel F. 1997. Two complementary bioassays for screening the estrogenic potency of xenobiotics: recombinant yeast for trout estrogen receptor and trout hepatocyte cultures. J Mol Endocrinol 19(3):321-335. DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0190321.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US EPA. 2012. Pesticide Reregistration Status for Organophosphates. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Sanderson JT, Boerma J, Lansbergen GW, van den Berg M. 2002. Induction and inhibition of aromatase (CYP19) activity by various classes of pesticides in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 182(1):44-54. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9420.
Trösken ER, Scholz K, Lutz RW, Völkel W, Zarn JA, Lutz WK. 2004. Comparative assessment of the inhibition of recombinant human CYP19 (aromatase) by azoles used in agriculture and as drugs for humans. Endocr Res 30(3):387-394. DOI: 10.1081/ERC-200035093.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurley PM, Hill RN, Whiting RJ. 1998. Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents [review]. Environ Health Perspect 106(8):437-445. DOI: 10.2307/3434175 .
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: DE-71
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fowles JR, Fairbrother A, Baecher-Steppan L, Kerkvliet NI. 1994. Immunologic and endocrine effects of the flame-retardant pentabromodiphenyl ether (DE-71) in C57BL/6J mice. Toxicology 86(1-2):49-61. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(94)90052-3.
Hamers T, Kamstra JH, Sonneveld E, Murk AJ, Kester MH, Andersson PL, Legler J, Brouwer A. 2006. In vitro profiling of the endocrine-disrupting potency of brominated flame retardants. Toxicol Sci 92(1):157-173. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj187.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: August 7, 2014
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Flame retardant
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Meerts IATM, van Zanden JJ, Luijks EAC, van Leeuwen-Bol I, Marsh G, Jakobsson E, Bergman Å, Brouwer A. 2000. Potent competitive interactions of some brominated flame retardants and related compounds with human transthyretin in vitro. Toxicol Sci 56(1):95-104. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/56.1.95.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
den Besten C, Bennik MHJ, Bruggeman I, Schielen P, Kuper F, Brouwer A, Koeman JH, Vos JG, Van Bladeren PJ. 1993. The role of oxidative metabolism in hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria and thyroid hormone homeostasis - A comparison with pentachlorobenzene in a 13-week feeding study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 119(2):181-194. DOI: 10.1006/taap.1993.1059.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PCP
CATEGORIES OF USE: Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Danzo BJ. 1997. Environmental xenobiotics may disrupt normal endocrine function by interfering with the binding of physiological ligands to steroid receptors and binding proteins. Environ Health Perspect 105(3):294-301. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.97105294.
Jugan ML, Levy-Bimbot M, Pomerance M, Tamisier-Karolak S, Blondeau JP, Levi Y. 2007. A new bioluminescent cellular assay to measure the transcriptional effects of chemicals that modulate the alpha-1 thyroid hormone receptor. Toxicol in Vitro 21(6):1197-1205. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.03.020.
McConnell EE, Huff JE, Hejtmancik M, Peters AC, Persing R. 1991. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of two grades of pentachlorophenol in B6C3F1 mice. Fundam Appl Toxicol 17(3):519-532. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(91)90202-F.
Rawlings NC, Cook SJ, Waldbillig D. 1998. Effects of the pesticides carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, lindane, triallate, trifluralin, 2,4-D, and pentachlorophenol on the metabolic endocrine and reproductive endocrine system in ewes. J Toxicol Environ Health 54(1):21-36. DOI: 10.1080/009841098159006.
Tran DQ, Klotz DM, Ladlie BL, Ide CF, McLachlan JA, Arnold SF. 1996. Inhibition of progesterone receptor activity in yeast by synthetic chemicals. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 229(2):518-523. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1836.
van den Berg KJ. 1990. Interaction of chlorinated phenols with thyroxine binding sites of human transthyretin, albumin and thyroid binding globulin. Chem Biol Interact 76(1):63-75. DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(90)90034-K.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: tetrachloroethylene, PERC
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Carney EW, Thorsrud BA, Dugard PH, Zablotny CL. 2006. Developmental toxicity studies in Crl:CD (SD) rats following inhalation exposure to trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 77(5):405-412. DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20091.
Fredriksson A, Danielsson BR, Eriksson P. 1993. Altered behaviour in adult mice orally exposed to tri- and tetrachloroethylene as neonates. Toxicol Lett 66(1):13-19. DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(93)90074-8.
Honma T, Sudo A, Miyagawa M, Sato M, Hasegawa H. 1980. Effects of exposure to trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene on the contents of acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin in rat brain. Ind Health 18(4):171-178. DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.18.171.
Shafer TJ, Bushnell PJ, Benignus VA, Woodward JJ. 2005. Perturbation of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel function by volatile organic solvents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 315(3):1109-1118. DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.090027.
USE REFERENCES
Eisele AP, Mukerjee S, Smith LA, Thoma ED, Whitaker DA, Oliver KD, Wu T, Colon M, Alston L, Cousett TA, and Miller MC, 2016. Volatile organic compounds at two oil and natural gas production well pads in Colorado and Texas using passive samplers. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 66(4), pp.412-419. DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2016.1141808
Rich A, Grover JP, Sattler ML. 2014. An exploratory study of air emissions associated with shale gas development and production in the Barnett Shale. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 64(1):61-72. DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2013.832713
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: PFBS, perfluorobutanesulfonic acid
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Feng X, Cao X, Zhao S, Wang X, Hua X, Chen L and Chen L. 2017. Exposure of pregnant mice to perfluorobutanesulfonate causes hypothyroxinemia and developmental abnormalities in female offspring. Toxicological Sciences, 155(2):409-419. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw219.
Gorrochategui E, Pérez-Albaladejo E, Casas J, Lacorte S and Porte C. 2014. Perfluorinated chemicals: differential toxicity, inhibition of aromatase activity and alteration of cellular lipids in human placental cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 277(2):124-130. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.03.012.
Lou QQ, Zhang YF, Zhou Z, Shi YL, Ge YN, Ren DK, Xu HM, Zhao YX, Wei WJ and Qin ZF. 2013. Effects of perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorobutanesulfonate on the growth and sexual development of Xenopus laevis. Ecotoxicology 22(7):1133-1144. DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1100-y.
Rosenmai AK, Ahrens L, Godec T, Lundqvist J and Oskarsson A. 2017. Relationship between peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha activity and cellular concentration of 14 perfluoroalkyl substances in HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 38(2):219-226. DOI: 10.1002/jat.3515.
Vongphachan V, Cassone CG, Wu D, Chiu S, Crump D, Kennedy SW. 2011. Effects of perfluoroalkyl compounds on mRNA expression levels of thyroid hormone-responsive genes in primary cultures of avian neuronal cells. Toxicol Sci 120(2):392-402. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq395.
USE REFERENCES
Houtz EF, Higgins CP, Field JA and Sedlak DL. 2013. Persistence of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors in AFFF-impacted groundwater and soil. Environ Sci Technol 47(15):8187-8195. DOI: 10.1021/es4018877
Jensen AA, Leffers H. 2008. Emerging endocrine disrupters: perfluoroalkylated substances. Int J Androl 31(2):161-169. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00870.x
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFBS , potassium salt
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Wolf CJ, Takacs ML, Schmid JE, Lau C, Abbott BD. 2008. Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha by perfluoroalkyl acids of different functional groups and chain lengths. Toxicol Sci 106(1):162-171. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn166.
USE REFERENCES
Jensen AA, Leffers H. 2008. Emerging endocrine disrupters: perfluoroalkylated substances. Int J Androl 31(2):161-169. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00870.x
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFBA , ammonium salt
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Wolf CJ, Takacs ML, Schmid JE, Lau C, Abbott BD. 2008. Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha by perfluoroalkyl acids of different functional groups and chain lengths. Toxicol Sci 106(1):162-171. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn166.
USE REFERENCES
Jensen AA, Leffers H. 2008. Emerging endocrine disrupters: perfluoroalkylated substances. Int J Androl 31(2):161-169. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00870.x
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: PFBA, perfluorobutyrate, perfluorobutanoic acid
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Industrial additive
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Foreman JE, Chang SC, Ehresman DJ, Butenhoff JL, Anderson CR, Palkar PS, Kang BH, Gonzalez FJ, Peters JM. 2009. Differential hepatic effects of perfluorobutyrate mediated by mouse and human PPAR-alpha. Toxicol Sci 110(1):204-211. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp077.
Li Y, Cheng Y, Xie Z and Zeng F. 2017. Perfluorinated alkyl substances in serum of the southern Chinese general population and potential impact on thyroid hormones. Scientific Reports 7:43380. DOI: 10.1038/srep43380.
USE REFERENCES
Houtz EF, Higgins CP, Field JA and Sedlak DL. 2013. Persistence of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors in AFFF-impacted groundwater and soil. Environ Sci Technol 47(15):8187-8195. DOI: 10.1021/es4018877
Rosenmai AK, Taxvig C, Svingen T, Trier X, Vugt‐Lussenburg BMA, Pedersen M, Lesné L, Jégou B and Vinggaard AM. 2016. Fluorinated alkyl substances and technical mixtures used in food paper‐packaging exhibit endocrine‐related activity in vitro. Andrology 4(4):662-672. DOI: 10.1111/andr.12190
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
Zafeiraki E, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, Bakeas E and Leondiadis L. 2014. Determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in various foodstuff packaging materials used in the Greek market. Chemosphere, 94:169-176. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.092
DATE ADDED: August 12, 2014 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFDA
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Berg, V., Nøst, T.H., Hansen, S., Elverland, A., Veyhe, A.S., Jorde, R., Odland, J.Ø. and Sandanger, T.M., 2015. Assessing the relationship between perfluoroalkyl substances, thyroid hormones and binding proteins in pregnant women; a longitudinal mixed effects approach. Environment international, 77, pp.63-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.01.007.
Bookstaff RC, Moore RW, Ingall GB and Peterson RE. 1990. Androgenic deficiency in male rats treated with perfluorodecanoic acid. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 104(2), pp.322-333. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(90)90306-F.
Boujrad, N., Vidic, B., Gazouli, M., Culty, M. and Papadopoulos, V., 2000. The peroxisome proliferator perfluorodecanoic acid inhibits the peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) expression and hormone-stimulated mitochondrial cholesterol transport and steroid formation in Leydig cells. Endocrinology, 141(9), pp.3137-3148. DOI: 10.1210/endo.141.9.7678.
Harris MW, Uraih LC and Birnbaum LS, 1989. Acute toxicity of perfluorodecanoic acid in C57BL/6 mice differs from 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Fundam Appl Toxicol 13(4):723-736. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(89)90330-8.
Kelling CK, Van Rafelghem MJ, Menahan LA and Peterson RE. 1987. Effects of perfluorodecanoic acid on hepatic indices of thyroid status in the rat. Biochem Pharmacol 36(8):1337-1344. DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(87)90091-8.
Langley AE and Pilcher GD. 1985. Thyroid, bradycardic and hypothermic effects of perfluoro‐n‐decanoic acid in rats. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A Current Issues 15(3-4):pp.485-491. DOI: 10.1080/15287398509530675.
Long M, Ghisari M and Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. 2013. Effects of perfluoroalkyl acids on the function of the thyroid hormone and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 20(11):8045-8056. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1628-7.
Rosenmai AK, Ahrens L, Godec T, Lundqvist J and Oskarsson A. 2017. Relationship between peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha activity and cellular concentration of 14 perfluoroalkyl substances in HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 38(2):219-226. DOI: 10.1002/jat.3515.
Van Rafelghem, M.J., Inhorn, S.L. and Peterson, R.E., 1987. Effects of perfluorodecanoic acid on thyroid status in rats. Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 87(3), pp.430-439. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(87)90248-1.
Wang Y, Rogan WJ, Chen PC, Lien GW, Chen HY, Tseng YC, Longnecker MP and Wang SL. 2014. Association between maternal serum perfluoroalkyl substances during pregnancy and maternal and cord thyroid hormones: Taiwan maternal and infant cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 122(5):529-534. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306925.
Wolf CJ, Takacs ML, Schmid JE, Lau C, Abbott BD. 2008. Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha by perfluoroalkyl acids of different functional groups and chain lengths. Toxicol Sci 106(1):162-171. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn166.
USE REFERENCES
Jensen AA, Leffers H. 2008. Emerging endocrine disrupters: perfluoroalkylated substances. Int J Androl 31(2):161-169. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00870.x
Rosenmai AK, Taxvig C, Svingen T, Trier X, Vugt‐Lussenburg BMA, Pedersen M, Lesné L, Jégou B and Vinggaard AM. 2016. Fluorinated alkyl substances and technical mixtures used in food paper‐packaging exhibit endocrine‐related activity in vitro. Andrology 4(4):662-672. DOI: 10.1111/andr.12190
Zafeiraki E, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, Bakeas E and Leondiadis L. 2014. Determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in various foodstuff packaging materials used in the Greek market. Chemosphere, 94:169-176. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.092
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFDoA
CATEGORY OF USE: Food additives and contact material
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kato H, Fujii S, Takahashi M, Matsumoto M, Hirata‐Koizumi M, Ono A and Hirose A. 2015. Repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity of perfluorododecanoic acid in rats. Environ Toxicol 30(11):1244-1263. DOI: 10.1002/tox.21996.
Long M, Ghisari M and Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. 2013. Effects of perfluoroalkyl acids on the function of the thyroid hormone and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 20(11):8045-8056. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1628-7.
Rosenmai AK, Ahrens L, Godec T, Lundqvist J and Oskarsson A. 2017. Relationship between peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha activity and cellular concentration of 14 perfluoroalkyl substances in HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 38(2):219-226. DOI: 10.1002/jat.3515.
Shi, Z., Ding, L., Zhang, H., Feng, Y., Xu, M. and Dai, J., 2009. Chronic exposure to perfluorododecanoic acid disrupts testicular steroidogenesis and the expression of related genes in male rats. Toxicology letters, 188(3), pp.192-200. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.04.014.
Shi, Z., Zhang, H., Ding, L., Feng, Y., Xu, M. and Dai, J., 2009. The effect of perfluorododecanonic acid on endocrine status, sex hormones and expression of steroidogenic genes in pubertal female rats. Reproductive Toxicology, 27(3), pp.352-359. DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.02.008.
Shi, Z., Zhang, H., Liu, Y., Xu, M. and Dai, J., 2007. Alterations in gene expression and testosterone synthesis in the testes of male rats exposed to perfluorododecanoic acid. Toxicological sciences, 98(1), pp.206-215. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm070.
Wang Y, Rogan WJ, Chen PC, Lien GW, Chen HY, Tseng YC, Longnecker MP and Wang SL. 2014. Association between maternal serum perfluoroalkyl substances during pregnancy and maternal and cord thyroid hormones: Taiwan maternal and infant cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 122(5):529-534. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306925.
Wolf CJ, Schmid JE, Lau C and Abbott BD. 2012. Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) by perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs): further investigation of C4–C12 compounds. Reprod Toxicol 33(4):546-551. DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.09.009.
USE REFERENCES
Rosenmai AK, Taxvig C, Svingen T, Trier X, Vugt‐Lussenburg BMA, Pedersen M, Lesné L, Jégou B and Vinggaard AM. 2016. Fluorinated alkyl substances and technical mixtures used in food paper‐packaging exhibit endocrine‐related activity in vitro. Andrology 4(4):662-672. DOI: 10.1111/andr.12190
Zafeiraki E, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, Bakeas E and Leondiadis L. 2014. Determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in various foodstuff packaging materials used in the Greek market. Chemosphere, 94:169-176. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.092
DATE ADDED: December 6, 2017 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFHpS
CATEGORIES OF USE: Industrial additive, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Nøst TH, Helgason LB, Harju M, Heimstad ES, Gabrielsen GW and Jenssen BM. 2012. Halogenated organic contaminants and their correlations with circulating thyroid hormones in developing Arctic seabirds. Sci Total Environ 414:248-256. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.11.051.
USE REFERENCES
Houtz EF, Higgins CP, Field JA and Sedlak DL. 2013. Persistence of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors in AFFF-impacted groundwater and soil. Environ Sci Technol 47(15):8187-8195. DOI: 10.1021/es4018877
DATE ADDED: December 6, 2017 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFHpA
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metabolite/Degradate, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Rosenmai AK, Ahrens L, Godec T, Lundqvist J and Oskarsson A. 2017. Relationship between peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha activity and cellular concentration of 14 perfluoroalkyl substances in HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 38(2):219-226. DOI: 10.1002/jat.3515.
Vongphachan V, Cassone CG, Wu D, Chiu S, Crump D, Kennedy SW. 2011. Effects of perfluoroalkyl compounds on mRNA expression levels of thyroid hormone-responsive genes in primary cultures of avian neuronal cells. Toxicol Sci 120(2):392-402. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq395.
Wolf CJ, Schmid JE, Lau C and Abbott BD. 2012. Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) by perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs): further investigation of C4–C12 compounds. Reprod Toxicol 33(4):546-551. DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.09.009.
USE REFERENCES
Houtz EF, Higgins CP, Field JA and Sedlak DL. 2013. Persistence of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors in AFFF-impacted groundwater and soil. Environ Sci Technol 47(15):8187-8195. DOI: 10.1021/es4018877
Jensen AA, Leffers H. 2008. Emerging endocrine disrupters: perfluoroalkylated substances. Int J Androl 31(2):161-169. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00870.x
Rosenmai AK, Taxvig C, Svingen T, Trier X, Vugt‐Lussenburg BMA, Pedersen M, Lesné L, Jégou B and Vinggaard AM. 2016. Fluorinated alkyl substances and technical mixtures used in food paper‐packaging exhibit endocrine‐related activity in vitro. Andrology 4(4):662-672. DOI: 10.1111/andr.12190
Zafeiraki E, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, Bakeas E and Leondiadis L. 2014. Determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in various foodstuff packaging materials used in the Greek market. Chemosphere, 94:169-176. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.092
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFHxS
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metabolite/Degradate, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Cassone CG, Vongphachan V, Chiu S, Williams, KL, Letcher RJ, Pelletier E, Crump D and Kennedy SW. 2012. In ovo effects of perfluorohexane sulfonate and perfluorohexanoate on pipping success, development, mRNA expression, and thyroid hormone levels in chicken embryos. Toxicological Sciences 127(1):216-224. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs072.
Kjeldsen LS and Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. 2013. Perfluorinated compounds affect the function of sex hormone receptors. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 20(11):8031-8044. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1753-3.
Long M, Ghisari M and Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. 2013. Effects of perfluoroalkyl acids on the function of the thyroid hormone and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 20(11):8045-8056. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1628-7.
Maisonet M, Calafat AM, Marcus M, Jaakkola JJ and Lashen H. 2015. Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids and serum testosterone concentrations at 15 years of age in female ALSPAC study participants. Environ Health Perspect 123(12):1325-1330. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1408847.
Rosen MB, Das KP, Rooney J, Abbott B, Lau C and Corton JC. 2017. PPARα-independent transcriptional targets of perfluoroalkyl acids revealed by transcript profiling. Toxicology 387:95-107. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.05.013.
Rosenmai AK, Ahrens L, Godec T, Lundqvist J and Oskarsson A. 2017. Relationship between peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha activity and cellular concentration of 14 perfluoroalkyl substances in HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 38(2):219-226. DOI: 10.1002/jat.3515.
Shah-Kulkarni, S., Kim, B.M., Hong, Y.C., Kim, H.S., Kwon, E.J., Park, H., Kim, Y.J. and Ha, E.H., 2016. Prenatal exposure to perfluorinated compounds affects thyroid hormone levels in newborn girls. Environment international, 94, pp.607-613. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.024.
Vongphachan V, Cassone CG, Wu D, Chiu S, Crump D, Kennedy SW. 2011. Effects of perfluoroalkyl compounds on mRNA expression levels of thyroid hormone-responsive genes in primary cultures of avian neuronal cells. Toxicol Sci 120(2):392-402. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq395.
Watkins AM, Wood CR, Lin MT and Abbott BD. 2015. The effects of perfluorinated chemicals on adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol 400:90-101. DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.10.020.
Zhao B, Lian Q, Chu Y, Hardy DO, Li XK and Ge RS. 2011. The inhibition of human and rat 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 by perfluoroalkylated substances. The J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 125(1-2):143-147. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.12.017.
USE REFERENCES
Houtz EF, Higgins CP, Field JA and Sedlak DL. 2013. Persistence of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors in AFFF-impacted groundwater and soil. Environ Sci Technol 47(15):8187-8195. DOI: 10.1021/es4018877
Jensen AA, Leffers H. 2008. Emerging endocrine disrupters: perfluoroalkylated substances. Int J Androl 31(2):161-169. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00870.x
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFHxS , potassium salt
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Wolf CJ, Takacs ML, Schmid JE, Lau C, Abbott BD. 2008. Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha by perfluoroalkyl acids of different functional groups and chain lengths. Toxicol Sci 106(1):162-171. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn166.
USE REFERENCES
Jensen AA, Leffers H. 2008. Emerging endocrine disrupters: perfluoroalkylated substances. Int J Androl 31(2):161-169. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00870.x
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: PFHxA, perfluoro-n-hexanoic acid, undecafluorohexanoic acid
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Li Y, Cheng Y, Xie Z and Zeng F. 2017. Perfluorinated alkyl substances in serum of the southern Chinese general population and potential impact on thyroid hormones. Scientific Reports 7:43380. DOI: 10.1038/srep43380.
Vongphachan V, Cassone CG, Wu D, Chiu S, Crump D, Kennedy SW. 2011. Effects of perfluoroalkyl compounds on mRNA expression levels of thyroid hormone-responsive genes in primary cultures of avian neuronal cells. Toxicol Sci 120(2):392-402. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq395.
Wolf CJ, Takacs ML, Schmid JE, Lau C, Abbott BD. 2008. Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha by perfluoroalkyl acids of different functional groups and chain lengths. Toxicol Sci 106(1):162-171. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn166.
USE REFERENCES
Houtz EF, Higgins CP, Field JA and Sedlak DL. 2013. Persistence of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors in AFFF-impacted groundwater and soil. Environ Sci Technol 47(15):8187-8195. DOI: 10.1021/es4018877
Jensen AA, Leffers H. 2008. Emerging endocrine disrupters: perfluoroalkylated substances. Int J Androl 31(2):161-169. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00870.x
Rosenmai AK, Taxvig C, Svingen T, Trier X, Vugt‐Lussenburg BMA, Pedersen M, Lesné L, Jégou B and Vinggaard AM. 2016. Fluorinated alkyl substances and technical mixtures used in food paper‐packaging exhibit endocrine‐related activity in vitro. Andrology 4(4):662-672. DOI: 10.1111/andr.12190
Zafeiraki E, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, Bakeas E and Leondiadis L. 2014. Determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in various foodstuff packaging materials used in the Greek market. Chemosphere, 94:169-176. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.092
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFNA
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metabolite/Degradate, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kjeldsen LS and Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. 2013. Perfluorinated compounds affect the function of sex hormone receptors. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 20(11):8031-8044. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1753-3.
Long M, Ghisari M and Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. 2013. Effects of perfluoroalkyl acids on the function of the thyroid hormone and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 20(11):8045-8056. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1628-7.
Rosenmai AK, Ahrens L, Godec T, Lundqvist J and Oskarsson A. 2017. Relationship between peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha activity and cellular concentration of 14 perfluoroalkyl substances in HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 38(2):219-226. DOI: 10.1002/jat.3515.
Shah-Kulkarni, S., Kim, B.M., Hong, Y.C., Kim, H.S., Kwon, E.J., Park, H., Kim, Y.J. and Ha, E.H., 2016. Prenatal exposure to perfluorinated compounds affects thyroid hormone levels in newborn girls. Environment international, 94, pp.607-613. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.024.
Vongphachan V, Cassone CG, Wu D, Chiu S, Crump D, Kennedy SW. 2011. Effects of perfluoroalkyl compounds on mRNA expression levels of thyroid hormone-responsive genes in primary cultures of avian neuronal cells. Toxicol Sci 120(2):392-402. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq395.
Wang Y, Rogan WJ, Chen PC, Lien GW, Chen HY, Tseng YC, Longnecker MP and Wang SL. 2014. Association between maternal serum perfluoroalkyl substances during pregnancy and maternal and cord thyroid hormones: Taiwan maternal and infant cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 122(5):529-534. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306925.
Wolf CJ, Takacs ML, Schmid JE, Lau C, Abbott BD. 2008. Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha by perfluoroalkyl acids of different functional groups and chain lengths. Toxicol Sci 106(1):162-171. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn166.
USE REFERENCES
Houtz EF, Higgins CP, Field JA and Sedlak DL. 2013. Persistence of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors in AFFF-impacted groundwater and soil. Environ Sci Technol 47(15):8187-8195. DOI: 10.1021/es4018877
Jensen AA, Leffers H. 2008. Emerging endocrine disrupters: perfluoroalkylated substances. Int J Androl 31(2):161-169. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00870.x
Rosenmai AK, Taxvig C, Svingen T, Trier X, Vugt‐Lussenburg BMA, Pedersen M, Lesné L, Jégou B and Vinggaard AM. 2016. Fluorinated alkyl substances and technical mixtures used in food paper‐packaging exhibit endocrine‐related activity in vitro. Andrology 4(4):662-672. DOI: 10.1111/andr.12190
Zafeiraki E, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, Bakeas E and Leondiadis L. 2014. Determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in various foodstuff packaging materials used in the Greek market. Chemosphere, 94:169-176. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.092
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFOS , potassium salt
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Keil DE, Mehlmann T, Butterworth L, Peden-Adams MM. 2008. Gestational exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate suppresses immune function in B6C3F1 mice. Toxicol Sci 103(1):77-85. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn015.
Wolf CJ, Takacs ML, Schmid JE, Lau C, Abbott BD. 2008. Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha by perfluoroalkyl acids of different functional groups and chain lengths. Toxicol Sci 106(1):162-171. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn166.
USE REFERENCES
Jensen AA, Leffers H. 2008. Emerging endocrine disrupters: perfluoroalkylated substances. Int J Androl 31(2):161-169. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2008.00870.x
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFOSA
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Louis GMB, Chen Z, Schisterman EF, Kim S, Sweeney AM, Sundaram R, Lynch CD, Gore-Langton RE and Barr DB. 2015. Perfluorochemicals and human semen quality: the LIFE study. Environ Health Perspect 123(1):57-63. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307621.
Louis GMB, Sundaram R, Schisterman EF, Sweeney AM, Lynch CD, Gore-Langton RE, Maisog J, Kim S, Chen Z and Barr DB. 2013. Persistent environmental pollutants and couple fecundity: the LIFE study. Environ Health Perspect 121(2):231-6. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205301.
Rosenmai AK, Ahrens L, Godec T, Lundqvist J and Oskarsson A. 2017. Relationship between peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha activity and cellular concentration of 14 perfluoroalkyl substances in HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 38(2):219-226. DOI: 10.1002/jat.3515.
Shipley, J.M., Hurst, C.H., Tanaka, S.S., DeRoos, F.L., Butenhoff, J.L., Seacat, A.M. and Waxman, D.J., 2004. Trans-activation of PPARα and induction of PPARα target genes by perfluorooctane-based chemicals. Toxicological Sciences, 80(1), pp.151-160. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfh130.
Whitworth KW, Haug LS, Sabaredzovic A, Eggesbo M and Longnecker MP. 2016. Brief Report: Plasma Concentrations of Perfluorooctane Sulfonamide and Time-to-pregnancy Among Primiparous Women. Epidemiology, 27(5), pp.712-715. DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000524.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: December 6, 2017 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFOA
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metabolite/Degradate, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kim S, Choi K, Ji K, Seo J, Kho Y, Park J, Kim S, Park S, Hwang I, Jeon J and Yang H. 2011. Trans-placental transfer of thirteen perfluorinated compounds and relations with fetal thyroid hormones. Environ Sci Technol 45(17):7465-7472. DOI: 10.1021/es202408a.
Kjeldsen LS and Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. 2013. Perfluorinated compounds affect the function of sex hormone receptors. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 20(11):8031-8044. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1753-3.
Rosenmai AK, Ahrens L, Godec T, Lundqvist J and Oskarsson A. 2017. Relationship between peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha activity and cellular concentration of 14 perfluoroalkyl substances in HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 38(2):219-226. DOI: 10.1002/jat.3515.
Tsai MS, Lin CY, Lin CC, Chen MH, Hsu SH, Chien KL, Sung FC, Chen PC and Su TC. 2015. Association between perfluoroalkyl substances and reproductive hormones in adolescents and young adults. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 218(5), pp.437-443. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.03.008.
Wei Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Tao Y, Dai J. 2008. Toxicogenomic analysis of the hepatic effects of perfluorooctanoic acid on rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 226(3):285-297. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.09.023.
Wolf CJ, Schmid JE, Lau C and Abbott BD. 2012. Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) by perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs): further investigation of C4–C12 compounds. Reprod Toxicol 33(4):546-551. DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.09.009.
Zhao B, Lian Q, Chu Y, Hardy DO, Li XK and Ge RS. 2011. The inhibition of human and rat 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 by perfluoroalkylated substances. The J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 125(1-2):143-147. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.12.017.
USE REFERENCES
Houtz EF, Higgins CP, Field JA and Sedlak DL. 2013. Persistence of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors in AFFF-impacted groundwater and soil. Environ Sci Technol 47(15):8187-8195. DOI: 10.1021/es4018877
RPS. 2009. Analysis of the risks arising from the industrial use of Perfuorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate (APFO) and from their use in consumer articles. Evaluation of the risk reduction measures for potential restrictions on the manufacture, placing on the market and use of PFOA and APFO. (pp 11,30) Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: PFOA , ammonium salt, ammonium perfluorooctanoate, "PFOA-linear"
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Wolf CJ, Takacs ML, Schmid JE, Lau C, Abbott BD. 2008. Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha by perfluoroalkyl acids of different functional groups and chain lengths. Toxicol Sci 106(1):162-171. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn166.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFPeA
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Ishibashi H, Kim EY and Iwata H, 2011. Transactivation potencies of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α by perfluoroalkyl carboxylates and sulfonates: estimation of PFOA induction equivalency factors. Environ Sci Technol 45(7):3123-3130. DOI: 10.1021/es103748s.
Li Y, Cheng Y, Xie Z and Zeng F. 2017. Perfluorinated alkyl substances in serum of the southern Chinese general population and potential impact on thyroid hormones. Scientific Reports 7:43380. DOI: 10.1038/srep43380.
Rosenmai AK, Ahrens L, Godec T, Lundqvist J and Oskarsson A. 2017. Relationship between peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha activity and cellular concentration of 14 perfluoroalkyl substances in HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 38(2):219-226. DOI: 10.1002/jat.3515.
Shah-Kulkarni, S., Kim, B.M., Hong, Y.C., Kim, H.S., Kwon, E.J., Park, H., Kim, Y.J. and Ha, E.H., 2016. Prenatal exposure to perfluorinated compounds affects thyroid hormone levels in newborn girls. Environment international, 94, pp.607-613. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.024.
Wolf CJ, Schmid JE, Lau C and Abbott BD. 2012. Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) by perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs): further investigation of C4–C12 compounds. Reprod Toxicol 33(4):546-551. DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.09.009.
USE REFERENCES
Rosenmai AK, Taxvig C, Svingen T, Trier X, Vugt‐Lussenburg BMA, Pedersen M, Lesné L, Jégou B and Vinggaard AM. 2016. Fluorinated alkyl substances and technical mixtures used in food paper‐packaging exhibit endocrine‐related activity in vitro. Andrology 4(4):662-672. DOI: 10.1111/andr.12190
DATE ADDED: December 6, 2017 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFTeA , PFTdA
CATEGORY OF USE: Food additives and contact material
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Ren XM, Qin WP, Cao LY, Zhang J, Yang Y, Wan B and Guo LH. 2016. Binding interactions of perfluoroalkyl substances with thyroid hormone transport proteins and potential toxicological implications. Toxicology 366:32-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.08.011.
Rosenmai AK, Ahrens L, Godec T, Lundqvist J and Oskarsson A. 2017. Relationship between peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha activity and cellular concentration of 14 perfluoroalkyl substances in HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 38(2):219-226. DOI: 10.1002/jat.3515.
USE REFERENCES
Zafeiraki E, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, Bakeas E and Leondiadis L. 2014. Determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in various foodstuff packaging materials used in the Greek market. Chemosphere, 94:169-176. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.092
DATE ADDED: December 6, 2017 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: PFTrA, PFTA, PFTrDA
CATEGORY OF USE: Food additives and contact material
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Ji K, Kim S, Kho Y, Paek D, Sakong J, Ha J, Kim S and Choi K. 2012. Serum concentrations of major perfluorinated compounds among the general population in Korea: dietary sources and potential impact on thyroid hormones. Environ Int 45:78-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.03.007.
Kim S, Choi K, Ji K, Seo J, Kho Y, Park J, Kim S, Park S, Hwang I, Jeon J and Yang H. 2011. Trans-placental transfer of thirteen perfluorinated compounds and relations with fetal thyroid hormones. Environ Sci Technol 45(17):7465-7472. DOI: 10.1021/es202408a.
Ren XM, Qin WP, Cao LY, Zhang J, Yang Y, Wan B and Guo LH. 2016. Binding interactions of perfluoroalkyl substances with thyroid hormone transport proteins and potential toxicological implications. Toxicology 366:32-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.08.011.
USE REFERENCES
Zafeiraki E, Costopoulou D, Vassiliadou I, Bakeas E and Leondiadis L. 2014. Determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in various foodstuff packaging materials used in the Greek market. Chemosphere, 94:169-176. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.092
DATE ADDED: December 6, 2017 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: PFUnA
CATEGORY OF USE: Food additives and contact material
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Berg, V., Nøst, T.H., Hansen, S., Elverland, A., Veyhe, A.S., Jorde, R., Odland, J.Ø. and Sandanger, T.M., 2015. Assessing the relationship between perfluoroalkyl substances, thyroid hormones and binding proteins in pregnant women; a longitudinal mixed effects approach. Environment international, 77, pp.63-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.01.007.
Bodin, J., Groeng, E.C., Andreassen, M., Dirven, H. and Nygaard, U.C., 2016. Exposure to perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) accelerates insulitis development in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Toxicology Reports, 3, pp.664-672. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.08.009.
Long M, Ghisari M and Bonefeld-Jørgensen EC. 2013. Effects of perfluoroalkyl acids on the function of the thyroid hormone and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 20(11):8045-8056. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1628-7.
Tsai MS, Lin CC, Chen MH, Hsieh WS and Chen PC. 2017. Perfluoroalkyl substances and thyroid hormones in cord blood. Environmental Pollution, 222, pp.543-548. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.027.
Tsai MS, Lin CY, Lin CC, Chen MH, Hsu SH, Chien KL, Sung FC, Chen PC and Su TC. 2015. Association between perfluoroalkyl substances and reproductive hormones in adolescents and young adults. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 218(5), pp.437-443. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.03.008.
Wang Y, Rogan WJ, Chen PC, Lien GW, Chen HY, Tseng YC, Longnecker MP and Wang SL. 2014. Association between maternal serum perfluoroalkyl substances during pregnancy and maternal and cord thyroid hormones: Taiwan maternal and infant cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 122(5):529-534. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306925.
Wolf CJ, Schmid JE, Lau C and Abbott BD. 2012. Activation of mouse and human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) by perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs): further investigation of C4–C12 compounds. Reprod Toxicol 33(4):546-551. DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.09.009.
USE REFERENCES
Rosenmai AK, Taxvig C, Svingen T, Trier X, Vugt‐Lussenburg BMA, Pedersen M, Lesné L, Jégou B and Vinggaard AM. 2016. Fluorinated alkyl substances and technical mixtures used in food paper‐packaging exhibit endocrine‐related activity in vitro. Andrology 4(4):662-672. DOI: 10.1111/andr.12190
DATE ADDED: December 6, 2017 DATE UPDATED: December 6, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: ( 3-phenoxyphenyl ) methyl 3- ( 2 , 2-dichloroethenyl ) -2 , 2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Brander SM, He G, Smalling KL, Denison MS, Cherr GN. 2012. The in vivo estrogenic and in vitro anti-estrogenic activity of permethrin and bifenthrin. Environ Toxicol Chem 31(12):2848-2855. DOI: 10.1002/etc.2019.
Du G, Shen O, Sun H, Fei J, Lu C, Song L, Xia Y, Wang S, Wang X. 2010. Assessing hormone receptor activities of pyrethroid insecticides and their metabolites in reporter gene assays. Toxicol Sci 116(1):58-66. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq120.
Eil C, Nisula BC. 1990. The binding properties of pyrethroids to human skin fibroblast androgen receptors and to sex hormone binding globulin. J Steroid Biochem 35(3/4):409-414. DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(90)90248-Q.
Go V, Garey J, Wolff MS, Pogo BGT. 1999. Estrogenic potential of certain pyrethroid compounds in the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line. Environ Health Perspect 107(3):173-177. DOI: 10.2307/3434505.
Jin Y, Chen R, Sun L, Wang W, Zhou L, Liu W, Fu Z. 2009 Mar. Enantioselective induction of estrogen-responsive gene expression by permethrin enantiomers in embryo-larval zebrafish. Chemosphere 74(9):1238-1244. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.11.015.
Kim SS, Lee RD, Lim KJ, Kwack SJ, Rhee GS, Seok JH, Lee GS, An BS, Jeung EB, Park KL. 2005. Potential estrogenic and antiandrogenic effects of permethrin in rats. Journal of Reproduction and Development 51(2):201-210. DOI: 10.1262/jrd.16060.
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Lemaire G, Mnif W, Pascussi JM, Pillon A, Rabenoelina F, Fenet H, Gomez E, Casellas C, Nicolas JC, Cavailles V, Duchesne MJ, Balaguer P. 2006. Identification of new human pregnane X receptor ligands among pesticides using a stable reporter cell system. Toxicol Sci 91(2):501-509. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj173.
Nillos MG, Chajkowski S, Rimoldi JM, Gan J, Lavado R, Schlenk D. 2010. Stereoselective Biotransformation of Permethrin to Estrogenic Metabolites in Fish. Chem Res Toxicol 23(10):1568-1575. DOI: 10.1021/tx100167x.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bigelow SW, Nebert DW. 1982. The Ah regulatory gene product. Survey of nineteen polycyclic aromatic compounds' and fifteen benzo[a]pyrene metabolites' capacity to bind to the cytosolic receptor. Toxicol Lett 10(1):109-118. DOI: 10.1016/0378-4274(82)90276-4.
Tamura H, Ishimoto Y, Fujikawa T, Aoyama H, Yoshikawa H, Akamatsu M. 2006. Structural basis for androgen receptor agonists and antagonists: Interaction of SPEED 98-listed chemicals and related compounds with the androgen receptor based on an in vitro reporter gene assay and 3D-QSAR. Bioorg Med Chem 14(21):7160-7174. DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.06.064.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: crude oil
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Khan S, Martin M, Rahimtula AD, Payne JF. 1987. Effect of a Prudhoe Bay crude oil on hepatic and placental drug metabolism in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 65(12):2400-2408. DOI: 10.1139/y87-381.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Goldner WS, Sandler DP, Yu F, Shostrom V, Hoppin JA, Kamel F, LeVan TD. 2013. Hypothyroidism and pesticide use among male private pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 55(10):1171. DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31829b290b.
USE REFERENCES
Goldner WS, Sandler DP, Yu F, Shostrom V, Hoppin JA, Kamel F, LeVan TD. 2013. Hypothyroidism and pesticide use among male private pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 55(10):1171. DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31829b290b
DATE ADDED: September 14, 2017 DATE UPDATED: September 14, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Benisek M, Kubincova P, Blaha L, Hilscherova K. 2011. The effects of PAHs and N-PAHs on retinoid signaling and Oct-4 expression in vitro. Toxicol Lett 200(3):169-175. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.11.011.
Evans AD, Nipper M. 2007. Toxicity of phenanthrene and lindane mixtures to marine invertebrates. Environmental Toxicology 22(5):495-501. DOI: 10.1002/tox.20279.
Incardona JP, Collier TK, Scholz NL. 2004. Defects in cardiac function precede morphological abnormalities in fish embryos exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 196(2):191-205. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2003.11.026.
Monteiro PRR, Reis-Henriques MA, Coimbra J. 2000. Plasma steroid levels in female flounder (Platichthys flesus) after chronic dietary exposure to single polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Marine Environmental Research 49(5):453-467. DOI: 10.1016/S0141-1136(99)00085-9.
Monteiro PRR, Reis-Henriques MA, Coimbra J. 2000. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons inhibit in vitro ovarian steroidogenesis in the flounder (Platichthys flesus L.). Aquatic Toxicology 48(4):549-559. DOI: 10.1016/S0166-445X(99)00055-7.
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ATSDR. 1995. Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Link
Colborn T, Schultz K, Herrick L, Kwiatkowski C. 2014. An Exploratory Study of Air Quality near Natural Gas Operations. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 20(1):86-105. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2012.749447
Orem WH, Tatu CA, Lerch HE, Rice CA, Bartos TT, Bates AL, Tewalt S, Corum MD. 2007. Organic compounds in produced waters from coalbed natural gas wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA. Appl Geochem 22(10):2240-2256. DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.010
Paulik LB, Donald CE, Smith BW, Tidwell LG, Hobbie KA, Kincl L, Haynes EN, and Anderson KA, 2016. Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Natural Gas Extraction into Air. Environ Sci Technol 50(14):7921-7929. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02762
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Zielinska B, Campbell D, Samburova V. 2014. Impact of emissions from natural gas production facilities on ambient air quality in the Barnett Shale area: a pilot study. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 64(12):1369-1383. DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2014.954735
DATE ADDED: August 5, 2014 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Benisek M, Kubincova P, Blaha L, Hilscherova K. 2011. The effects of PAHs and N-PAHs on retinoid signaling and Oct-4 expression in vitro. Toxicol Lett 200(3):169-175. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.11.011.
USE REFERENCES
Benisek M, Blaha L, Hilscherova K. 2008. Interference of PAHs and their N-heterocyclic analogs with signaling of retinoids in vitro. Toxicol in Vitro 22(8):1909-1917. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.09.009
DATE ADDED: August 12, 2015 DATE UPDATED: August 12, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: dibenzopyrazine
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Benisek M, Blaha L, Hilscherova K. 2008. Interference of PAHs and their N-heterocyclic analogs with signaling of retinoids in vitro. Toxicol in Vitro 22(8):1909-1917. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.09.009.
USE REFERENCES
Benisek M, Blaha L, Hilscherova K. 2008. Interference of PAHs and their N-heterocyclic analogs with signaling of retinoids in vitro. Toxicol in Vitro 22(8):1909-1917. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.09.009
DATE ADDED: August 12, 2015 DATE UPDATED: August 12, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Zhang Z, Jia C, Hu Y, Sun L, Jiao J, Zhao L, Zhu D, Li J, Tian Y, Bai H, Li R, Hu J. 2012. The estrogenic potential of salicylate esters and their possible risks in foods and cosmetics. Toxicol Lett 209(2):146-153. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.12.004.
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Zhang Z, Jia C, Hu Y, Sun L, Jiao J, Zhao L, Zhu D, Li J, Tian Y, Bai H, Li R, Hu J. 2012. The estrogenic potential of salicylate esters and their possible risks in foods and cosmetics. Toxicol Lett 209(2):146-153. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.12.004
DATE ADDED: October 26, 2015 DATE UPDATED: October 26, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bhattacharya T, Bhattacharya S, Ray AK, Dey S. 1989. Influence of industrial pollutants on thyroid function in Channa punctatus (Bloch). Indian J Exp Biol 27(1):65-68. Link.
De SN, Bhattacharya S. 1976. Effect of some industrial pollutants on fish thyroid peroxidase activity and role of cytochrome C thereon. Indian J Exp Biol 14(5):561-563. Link.
Kassotis CD, Klemp KC, Vu DC, Lin CH, Meng CX, Besch-Williford CL, Pinatti L, Zoeller RT, Drobnis EZ, Balise VD, et al. 2015 in press. Endocrine-disrupting activity of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and adverse health outcomes after prenatal exposure in male mice. Endocrinology:en20151375. DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1375.
USE REFERENCES
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: November 2, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Blair RM, Fang H, Branham WS, Hass BS, Dial SL, Moland CL, Tong W, Shi L, Perkins R, Sheehan DM. 2000. The estrogen receptor relative binding affinities of 188 natural and xenochemicals: structural diversity of ligands. Toxicol Sci 54(1):138-153. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/54.1.138.
USE REFERENCES
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 20, 2013
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: phenolphthaleine, 3 , 3'-bis ( 4-hydroxyphenyl ) phthalide, 3 , 3'-bis ( 4-hydroxyphenyl ) phthalid,
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bitman J, Cecil HC. 1970. Estrogenic activity of DDT analogs and polychlorinated biphenyls. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry 18(6):1108-1112. DOI: 10.1021/jf60172a019.
Blair RM, Fang H, Branham WS, Hass BS, Dial SL, Moland CL, Tong W, Shi L, Perkins R, Sheehan DM. 2000. The estrogen receptor relative binding affinities of 188 natural and xenochemicals: structural diversity of ligands. Toxicol Sci 54(1):138-153. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/54.1.138.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Blair RM, Fang H, Branham WS, Hass BS, Dial SL, Moland CL, Tong W, Shi L, Perkins R, Sheehan DM. 2000. The estrogen receptor relative binding affinities of 188 natural and xenochemicals: structural diversity of ligands. Toxicol Sci 54(1):138-153. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/54.1.138.
USE REFERENCES
Forensic Resource Group. 2010. Is It Blood? Phenolphthalin. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 2-[bis ( 4-hydroxyphenyl ) methyl]benzylalcohol
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bitman J, Cecil HC. 1970. Estrogenic activity of DDT analogs and polychlorinated biphenyls. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry 18(6):1108-1112. DOI: 10.1021/jf60172a019.
USE REFERENCES
Bitman J, Cecil HC. 1970. Estrogenic activity of DDT analogs and polychlorinated biphenyls. J Agric Food Chem 18(6):1108-1112. DOI: 10.1021/jf60172a019
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: elsan, fenthoate, dimephenthoate, PAP ( Japan )
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: phenyl-N-methylcarbamate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Casale GP, Vennerstrom JL, Bavari S, Wang T. 1993. Inhibition of interleukin 2 driven proliferation of mouse CTLL2 cells, by selected carbamate and organophosphate insecticides and congeners of carbaryl. Immunopharmacology & Immunotoxicology 15(2 & 3):199-215. DOI: 10.3109/08923979309025994.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: phenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Schultz TW, Sinks GD, Cronin MTD. 2000. Effect of substituent size and dimensionality on potency of phenolic xenoestrogens evaluated with a recombinant yeast assay. Environ Toxicol Chem 19(11):2637-2642. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620191104.
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ChemIDPlus Lite. Link
Schultz TW, Sinks GD, Cronin MTD. 2000. Effect of substituent size and dimensionality on potency of phenolic xenoestrogens evaluated with a recombinant yeast assay. EnvironToxicol Chem 19(11):2637-2642. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620191104
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kunz PY, Fent K. 2006. Multiple hormonal activities of UV filters and comparison of in vivo and in vitro estrogenic activity of ethyl-4-aminobenzoate in fish. Aquat Toxicol 79(4):305-324. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.016.
Kunz PY, Galicia HF, Fent K. 2006. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo estrogenic activity of UV filters in fish. Toxicol Sci 90(2):349-361 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj082.
Miller D, Wheals BB, Beresford N, Sumpter JP. 2001. Estrogenic activity of phenolic additives determined by an in vitro yeast bioassay. Environ Health Perspect 109(2):133-138. DOI: 10.2307/3434765 .
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ChemicalLand21. Link
Miller D, Wheals BB, Beresford N, Sumpter JP. 2001. Estrogenic activity of phenolic additives determined by an in vitro yeast bioassay. Environ Health Perspect 109(2):133-138. DOI: 10.2307/3434765
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: heptamethylphenylcyclotetrasiloxane, [ ( PhMeSiO ) ( Me2SiO ) 3]
CATEGORY OF USE: Industrial additive
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hayden JF, Barlow SA. 1972. Structure-activity relationships of organosiloxanes and the female reproductive system. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 21(1):68-79. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(72)90028-2.
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Dow Corning Corporation. MSDS - 33 Extreme Low Temperature Bearing Grease, Light Link
DATE ADDED: October 26, 2015 DATE UPDATED: October 26, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: mercury phenyl acetate, phenylmercury acetate, phenylmercury acetate, phenylmercuric acetate, acetoxyphenylmercury
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Dwernychuk, L.W., Sheppard, D.H. and Haley, L.E., 1974. Mergamma DB and phenylmercuric acetate: their effect on the reproduction of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica Temminck and Schlegel). Canadian journal of zoology, 52(2), pp.291-300. DOI: 10.1139/z74-036.
Hartke, G.T., Oehme, F.W., Leipold, H.W. and Kruckenberg, S.M., 1976. Embryonic susceptibility of Microtus ochrogaster (common prairie vole) to phenyl mercuric acetate. Toxicology, 6(3), pp.281-287. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(76)90031-7.
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Groh, K.J., Backhaus, T., Carney-Almroth, B., Geueke, B., Inostroza, P.A., Lennquist, A., Maffini, M., Leslie, H.A., Slunge, D., Trasande, L. and Warhurst, M., 2018. Chemicals associated with plastic packaging: Inventory and hazards. PeerJ Preprints, 6, p.e27036v1. DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27036v1
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 26, 2018
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kuiper GGJM, Lemmen JG, Carlsson B, Corton JC, Safe SH, van der Saag PT, van der Burg P, Gustafsson JA. 1998. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology 139(10):4252-4263. DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.10.6216.
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Kuiper GGJM, Lemmen JG, Carlsson B, Corton JC, Safe SH, van der Saag PT, van der Burg P, Gustafsson JA. 1998. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology 139(10):4252-4263. DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.10.6216
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 1 , 3 , 5-trihydroxybenzene
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Arnott DG, Doniach I. 1952. The effect of compounds allied to resorcinol upon the uptake of radioactive iodine by the thyroid of the rat. Biochem J 50(4):473-479. DOI: 10.1042/bj0500473 .
Lindsay RH, Hill JB, Gaitan E, Cooksey RC, Jolley RL. 1992. Antithyroid effects of coal-derived pollutants. J Toxicol Environ Health 37(4):467-481. DOI: 10.1080/15287399209531686.
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US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 8-monohydromirex
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Singh A, Villeneuve DC, Bhatnagar MK, Valli VEO. 1982. Ultrastructure of the thyroid glands of rats fed photomirex: an 18-month recovery study. Toxicology 23(4):309-319. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(82)90069-5.
Yarbrough JD, Chambers JE, Grimley JM, Alley EG, Fang MM, Morrow JT, Ward BC, Conroy JD. 1981 Mar 30. Comparative study of 8-monohydromirex and mirex toxicity in male rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 58(1):105-117. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(81)90121-6.
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Singh A, Villeneuve DC, Bhatnagar MK and Valli VEO. 1982. Toxicology 23(4):309-319. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(82)90069-5
Singh A, Villeneuve DC, Bhatnagar MK, Valli VEO. 1982. Ultrastructure of the thyroid glands of rats fed photomirex: an 18-month recovery study. Toxicology 23(4):309-319. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(82)90069-5
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 17, 2013
CATEGORY OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Machala M, Vondracek J, Blaha L, Ciganek M, Neca JV. 2001. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determined using in vitro reporter gene assay. Mutat Res 497(1-2):49-62. DOI: 10.1016/S1383-5718(01)00240-6.
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US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: February 17, 2015 DATE UPDATED: February 18, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Reuber MD. 1981. Carcinogenicity of picloram. J Toxicol Environ Health 7(2):207-222. DOI: 10.1080/15287398109529973.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurley PM, Hill RN, Whiting RJ. 1998. Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents [review]. Environ Health Perspect 106(8):437-445. DOI: 10.2307/3434175 .
Marcocci C, Luini A, Santisteban P, Grollman EF. 1987. Norepinephrine and thyrotropin stimulation of iodide efflux in FRTL-5 thyroid cells involves metabolites of arachidonic acid and is associated with the iodination of thyroglobulin. Endocrinology 120(3):1127-1133. DOI: 10.1210/endo-120-3-1127.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Viswanath G, Chatterjee S, Dabral S, Nanguneri SR, Divya G, Roy P. 2010. Anti-androgenic endocrine disrupting activities of chlorpyrifos and piperophos. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 120(1):22-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.02.032.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: pirimicarbe, pyrimicarbe
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Andersen HR, Vinggaard AM, Rasmussen TH, Gjermandsen IM, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC. 2002. Effects of currently used pesticides in assays for estrogenicity, androgenicity, and aromatase activity in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 179(1):1-12. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2001.9347.
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Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 25, 2015 DATE UPDATED: March 25, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Kugathas S, Audouze K, Ermler S, Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2015 (in press). Effects of common pesticides on prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) inhibition in SC5 mouse Sertoli cells, evidence of binding at the COX2 active site, and implications for endocrine disruption. Environ Health Perspect. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409544.
Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2011. Widely used pesticides with previously unknown endocrine activity revealed as in vitro antiandrogens. Environ Health Perspect 119(6):794-800. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002895.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: Firemaster BP-6
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Akoso BT, Sleight SD, Nachreiner RF, Aust SD. 1982. Effects of purified polybrominated biphenyl congeners on the thyroid and pituitary glands in rats. Journal of the American College of Toxicology 1(3):23-36. DOI: 10.3109/10915818209018016.
Gupta BN, McConnell EE, Goldstein JA, Harris MW, Moore JA. 1983. Effects of a polybrominated biphenyl mixture in the rat and mouse. I. Six-month exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 68(1):1-18. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(83)90350-2.
Harris SJ, Cecil HC, Bitman J. 1978. Embryotoxic effects of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) in rats. Environ Health Perspect 23:295-300. DOI: 10.2307/3428774 .
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ATSDR. 2004. Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) ToxFAQs. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: ethoxylated nonylphenol
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kassotis CD, Klemp KC, Vu DC, Lin CH, Meng CX, Besch-Williford CL, Pinatti L, Zoeller RT, Drobnis EZ, Balise VD, and Isiguzo CJ, 2015. Endocrine-disrupting activity of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and adverse health outcomes after prenatal exposure in male mice. Endocrinology, 156(12), pp.4458-4473. DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1375.
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US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: P80
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Chassaing B, Koren O, Goodrich JK, Poole AC, Srinivasan S, Ley RE and Gewirtz AT. 2015. Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome. Nature 519(7541):92-96. DOI: 10.1038/nature14232.
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US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lina BAR, Kuijpers MHM. 2004. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of acidogenic or alkalogenic diets in rats; effects of feeding NH4Cl, KHCO3 or KCl. Food Chem Toxicol 42(1):135-153. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2003.08.011.
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US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metal/Metallurgy, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Choe SY, Kim SJ, Kim HG, Lee JH, Choi Y, Lee H, Kim Y. 2003. Evaluation of estrogenicity of major heavy metals. Sci Total Environ 312(1-3):15-21. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00190-6.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lampe L, Modis L, Gehl A. 1967. Effect of potassium perchlorate on the foetal rabbit thyroid. Acta Med Acad Sci Hung 23(3):223-232. Link.
Mannisto PT, Ranta T, Leppaluto J. 1979. Effects of methymercaptoimidazole (MMI), propylathiouracil (PTU), potassium perchlorate (KClO4) and potassium iodide (KI) on the serum concentrations of thyrotrophin (TSH) and thyroid hormones in the rat. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 91(2):271-281. Link.
Mayberry WE. 1968. Antithyroid effects of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology & Medicine 129(2):551-556. DOI: 10.3181/00379727-129-33367.
Postel S. 1957. Placental transfer of perchlorate and triiodothyronine in the guinea pig. Endocrinology 60(1):53-66. DOI: 10.1210/endo-60-1-53.
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US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: August 5, 2014
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hisato MI, 1998. Effects of the agrochemicals butachlor, pretilachlor and isoprothiolane on rat liver xenobioticmetabolizing enzymes. Xenobiotica 28(11):1029-1039. DOI: 10.1080/004982598238921.
Lemaire G, Mnif W, Pascussi JM, Pillon A, Rabenoelina F, Fenet H, Gomez E, Casellas C, Nicolas JC, Cavailles V, Duchesne MJ, Balaguer P. 2006. Identification of new human pregnane X receptor ligands among pesticides using a stable reporter cell system. Toxicol Sci 91(2):501-509. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj173.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Andersen HR, Vinggaard AM, Rasmussen TH, Gjermandsen IM, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC. 2002. Effects of currently used pesticides in assays for estrogenicity, androgenicity, and aromatase activity in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 179(1):1-12. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2001.9347.
Grunfeld HT, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC. 2004. Effect of in vitro estrogenic pesticides on human oestrogen receptor alpha and beta mRNA levels. Toxicol Lett 151(3):467-480. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.03.021.
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Liu C, Zhang X, Deng J, Hecker M, Al-Khedhairy A, Giesy JP, Zhou B. 2011. Effects of prochloraz or propylthiouracil on the cross-talk between the HPG, HPA, and HPT axes in zebrafish. Environ Sci Technol 45(2):769-775. DOI: 10.1021/es102659p.
Sanderson JT, Boerma J, Lansbergen GW, van den Berg M. 2002. Induction and inhibition of aromatase (CYP19) activity by various classes of pesticides in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 182(1):44-54. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9420.
Takeuchi S, Iida M, Yabushita H, Matsuda T, Kojima H. 2008. In vitro screening for aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonistic activity in 200 pesticides using a highly sensitive reporter cell line, DR-EcoScreen cells, and in vivo mouse liver cytochrome P450-1A induction by propanil, diuron and linuron. Chemosphere 74(1):155-165. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.015.
Trösken ER, Scholz K, Lutz RW, Völkel W, Zarn JA, Lutz WK. 2004. Comparative assessment of the inhibition of recombinant human CYP19 (aromatase) by azoles used in agriculture and as drugs for humans. Endocr Res 30(3):387-394. DOI: 10.1081/ERC-200035093.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Ostby J, Kelce WR, Lambright C, Wolf CJ, Mann P, Gray LE Jr. 1999. The fungicide procymidone alters sexual differentiation in the male rat by acting as an androgen-receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Ind Health 15(1-2):80-93. DOI: 10.1177/074823379901500108.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurley PM, Hill RN, Whiting RJ. 1998. Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents [review]. Environ Health Perspect 106(8):437-445. DOI: 10.2307/3434175 .
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Zidan NEHA. 2009. Evaluation of the reproductive toxicity of chlorpyrifos methyl, diazinon and profenofos pesticides in male rats. Int J Pharmacol 5(1):51-57. DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2009.51.57.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: October 7, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: prometryne, prometrin
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Ghinea E, Simionescu L, Oprescu M. 1980. Studies on the action of pesticides upon the endocrines using in vitro human thyroid cell culture and in vivo animal models. II. Herbicides - prometrin and terbutrin. Rev. Roum. Med. - Endocrinology 18(3):167-173. Link.
Kniewald J, Osredecki V, Gojmerac T, Zechner V, Kniewald Z. 1995. Effect of s-triazine compounds on testosterone metabolism in the rat prostate. J Appl Toxicol 15(3):215-218. DOI: 10.1002/jat.2550150312.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: propyzamide
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurley PM, Hill RN, Whiting RJ. 1998. Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents [review]. Environ Health Perspect 106(8):437-445. DOI: 10.2307/3434175 .
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Andersen HR, Vinggaard AM, Rasmussen TH, Gjermandsen IM, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC. 2002. Effects of currently used pesticides in assays for estrogenicity, androgenicity, and aromatase activity in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 179(1):1-12. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2001.9347.
Schmuck G, Mihail F. 2004. Effects of the carbamates fenoxycarb, propamocarb and propoxur on energy supply, glucose utilization and SH-groups in neurons. Arch Toxicol 78(6):330-337. DOI: 10.1007/s00204-004-0546-3.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: DCPA ( Japan ) , 3 , 4-dichloropropionanilide. [See also DCPA ( USA ) ]
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Salazar KD, Miller MR, Barnett JB, Schafer R. 2006. Evidence for a novel endocrine disruptor: The pesticide propanil requires the ovaries and steroid synthesis to enhance humoral immunity. Toxicol Sci 93(1):62-74. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfl038.
Takeuchi S, Iida M, Yabushita H, Matsuda T, Kojima H. 2008. In vitro screening for aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonistic activity in 200 pesticides using a highly sensitive reporter cell line, DR-EcoScreen cells, and in vivo mouse liver cytochrome P450-1A induction by propanil, diuron and linuron. Chemosphere 74(1):155-165. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.015.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
NTP. 2008. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of propargyl alcohol (CAS No. 107-19-7) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies). National Toxicology Program technical report series. 1-172. PMID:18974778. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US EPA. 2017. Inert Ingredients Overview and Guidance. Link
DATE ADDED: September 13, 2017 DATE UPDATED: September 14, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Sanderson JT, Letcher RJ, Heneweer M, Giesy JP, van den Berg M. 2001. Effects of chloro-s-triazine herbicides and metabolites on aromatase activity in various human cell lines and on vitellogenin production in male carp hepatocytes. Environ Health Perspect 109(10):1027-1031. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: ( propioconazole: misspelling )
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Sanderson JT, Boerma J, Lansbergen GW, van den Berg M. 2002. Induction and inhibition of aromatase (CYP19) activity by various classes of pesticides in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 182(1):44-54. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9420.
Taxvig C, Vinggaard AM, Hass U, Axelstad M, Metzdorff S, Nellemann C. 2008. Endocrine-disrupting properties in vivo of widely used azole fungicides. Int J Androl 31(2):170-176. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00838.x.
Trosken ER, Adamska M, Arand M, Zarn JA, Patten C, Volkel W, Lutz WK. 2006. Comparison of lanosterol-14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) of human and Candida albicans for inhibition by different antifungal azoles. Toxicology 228(1):24-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.08.007.
Trösken ER, Scholz K, Lutz RW, Völkel W, Zarn JA, Lutz WK. 2004. Comparative assessment of the inhibition of recombinant human CYP19 (aromatase) by azoles used in agriculture and as drugs for humans. Endocr Res 30(3):387-394. DOI: 10.1081/ERC-200035093.
Vinggaard AM, Hnida C, Breinholt V, Larsen JC. 2000. Screening of selected pesticides for inhibition of CYP19 aromatase activity in vitro. Toxicol in Vitro 14(3):227-234. DOI: 10.1016/S0887-2333(00)00018-7.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Food additives and contact material, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Slott VL, Hales BF. 1985. Teratogenicity and embryolethality of acrolein and structurally related compounds in rats. Teratology. 32(1):65-72. DOI: 10.1002/tera.1420320110.
USE REFERENCES
US EPA. 2017. Inert Ingredients Overview and Guidance. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 19, 2017 DATE UPDATED: September 19, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: baygon, PHC ( Japan ) , arprocarb ( UK )
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Klotz DM, Arnold SF, McLachlan JA. 1997. Inhibition of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone activity in human breast and endometrial cancer cells by carbamate insecticides. Life Sci 60(17):1467-1475. DOI: 10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00098-2.
Schmuck G, Mihail F. 2004. Effects of the carbamates fenoxycarb, propamocarb and propoxur on energy supply, glucose utilization and SH-groups in neurons. Arch Toxicol 78(6):330-337. DOI: 10.1007/s00204-004-0546-3.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: n-propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Byford JR, Shaw LE, Drew MG, Pope GS, Sauer MJ, Darbre PD. 2002. Oestrogenic activity of parabens in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 80(1):49-60. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00174-1.
Chen JG, Ahn KC, Gee NA, Gee SJ, Hammock BD, Lasley BL. 2007. Antiandrogenic properties of parabens and other phenolic containing small molecules in personal care products. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 221(3):278-284. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.03.015.
Gomez E, Pillon A, Fenet H, Rosain D, Duchesne MJ, Nicolas JC, Balaguer P, Casellas C. 2005. Estrogenic activity of cosmetic components in reporter cell lines: parabens, UV screens, and musks. J Toxicol Environ Health A 68(4):239-251. DOI: 10.1080/15287390590895054.
Oishi S. 2002. Effects of propyl paraben on the male reproductive system. Food & Chemical Toxicology 40(12):1807-1813. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00204-1.
Song BL, Li HY, Peng DR. 1989. In vitro spermicidal activity of parabens against human spermatozoa. Contraception 39(3):331-335. DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(89)90065-6.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US FDA. Alphabetical List of SCOGS Substances. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 1-Propene, 1-Propylene, Methylethene, Methylethylene, Propene
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Plastic/Rubber, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
NTP. 1985. NTP Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of propylene (CAS No. 115-07-1) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (inhalation studies). Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 272:1-146. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 1 , 2 propanediol
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kassotis CD, Klemp KC, Vu DC, Lin CH, Meng CX, Besch-Williford CL, Pinatti L, Zoeller RT, Drobnis EZ, Balise VD, and Isiguzo CJ, 2015. Endocrine-disrupting activity of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and adverse health outcomes after prenatal exposure in male mice. Endocrinology, 156(12), pp.4458-4473. DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1375.
Miyoshi S, Pate JL, Palmquist DL. 2001. Effects of propylene glycol drenching on energy balance, plasma glucose, plasma insulin, ovarian function and conception in dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 68(1-2):29-43. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4320(01)00137-3.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 1 , 2-epoxypropane, methyloxirane, 1 , 2-epoxy propane, methyl ethylene oxide, methyloxirane, propene oxide, 1 , 2-propylene oxide, 2-methyloxirane, epoxypropane
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hardin, B.D., Niemeier, R.W., Sikov, M.R. and Hackett, P.L., 1983. Reproductive-toxicologic assessment of the epoxides ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and styrene oxide. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, pp.94-102. Link.
National Toxicology Program, 1985. NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Propylene Oxide (CAS no. 75-56-9) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies). National Toxicology Program technical report series, 267, p.1. Link.
Okuda, H., Takeuchi, T., Senoh, H., Arito, H., Nagano, K., Yamamoto, S. and Matsushima, T., 2006. Effects of inhalation exposure to propylene oxide on respiratory tract, reproduction and development in rats. Journal of occupational health, 48(6), pp.462-473. DOI: 10.1539/joh.48.462.
Omura, M., Tanaka, A., Mori, K., Hirata, M., Zao, M. and Inoue, N., 1994. Dose-dependent testicular toxicity of propylene oxide in rats induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections. Fukuoka igaku zasshi= Hukuoka acta medica, 85(7), pp.204-210. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Groh, K.J., Backhaus, T., Carney-Almroth, B., Geueke, B., Inostroza, P.A., Lennquist, A., Maffini, M., Leslie, H.A., Slunge, D., Trasande, L. and Warhurst, M., 2018. Chemicals associated with plastic packaging: Inventory and hazards. PeerJ Preprints, 6, p.e27036v1. DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27036v1
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 26, 2018
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kjeldsen LS, Ghisari M, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC. 2013. Currently used pesticides and their mixtures affect the function of sex hormone receptors and aromatase enzyme activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 272(2):453-464. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.028.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Kojima M, Fukunaga K, Sasaki M, Nakamura M, Tsuji M, Nishiyama T. 2005. Evaluation of estrogenic activities of pesticides using an in vitro reporter gene assay. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 15(4):271-280. DOI: 10.1080/09603120500155765.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Machala M, Vondracek J, Blaha L, Ciganek M, Neca JV. 2001. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determined using in vitro reporter gene assay. Mutat Res 497(1-2):49-62. DOI: 10.1016/S1383-5718(01)00240-6.
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ATSDR. 1995. Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Link
Paulik LB, Donald CE, Smith BW, Tidwell LG, Hobbie KA, Kincl L, Haynes EN, and Anderson KA, 2016. Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Natural Gas Extraction into Air. Environ Sci Technol 50(14):7921-7929. DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02762
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Zielinska B, Campbell D, Samburova V. 2014. Impact of emissions from natural gas production facilities on ambient air quality in the Barnett Shale area: a pilot study. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 64(12):1369-1383. DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2014.954735
DATE ADDED: August 7, 2014 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Eil C, Nisula BC. 1990. The binding properties of pyrethroids to human skin fibroblast androgen receptors and to sex hormone binding globulin. J Steroid Biochem 35(3/4):409-414. DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(90)90248-Q.
Hurley PM, Hill RN, Whiting RJ. 1998. Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents [review]. Environ Health Perspect 106(8):437-445. DOI: 10.2307/3434175 .
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Okubo T, Yokoyama Y, Kano K, Soya Y, Kano I. 2004. Estimation of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of selected pesticides by MCF-7 cell proliferation assay. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 46(4):445-453. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-003-3017-6.
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ChemIDPlus Lite. Link
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System. Link
DATE ADDED: May 4, 2015 DATE UPDATED: May 4, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurst MR, Sheahan DA. 2003. The potential for oestrogenic effects of pesticides in headwater streams in the UK. Sci Total Environ 301(1-3):87-96. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00288-7.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: March 25, 2015 DATE UPDATED: March 25, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurley PM, Hill RN, Whiting RJ. 1998. Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents [review]. Environ Health Perspect 106(8):437-445. DOI: 10.2307/3434175 .
Kugathas S, Audouze K, Ermler S, Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2015 (in press). Effects of common pesticides on prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) inhibition in SC5 mouse Sertoli cells, evidence of binding at the COX2 active site, and implications for endocrine disruption. Environ Health Perspect. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409544.
Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2011. Widely used pesticides with previously unknown endocrine activity revealed as in vitro antiandrogens. Environ Health Perspect 119(6):794-800. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002895.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: vacor, pyriminil
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Karam JH, Lewitt PA, Young CW, Nowlain RE, Frankel BJ, Fujiya H, Freedman ZR, Grodsky GM. 1980. Insulinopenic diabetes after rodenticide (Vacor) ingestion: a unique model of acquired diabetes in man. Diabetes 29(12):971-978. DOI: 10.2337/diab.29.12.971.
Taniguchi H, Yamashiro Y, Chung MY, Hara Y, Ishihara K, Ejiri K, Baba S. 1989. Vacor inhibits insulin release from islets in vitro. J Endocrinol Invest 12(4):273-275. DOI: 10.1007/BF03349985.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
PUBCHEM. Pyriminil - Compound Summary. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima M, Fukunaga K, Sasaki M, Nakamura M, Tsuji M, Nishiyama T. 2005. Evaluation of estrogenic activities of pesticides using an in vitro reporter gene assay. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 15(4):271-280. DOI: 10.1080/09603120500155765.
Tatarazako N, Oda S, Watanabe H, Morita M, Iguchi T. 2003. Juvenile hormone agonists affect the occurrence of male Daphnia. Chemosphere 53(8):827-833. DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00761-6.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metabolite/Degradate, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kuiper GGJM, Lemmen JG, Carlsson B, Corton JC, Safe SH, van der Saag PT, van der Burg P, Gustafsson JA. 1998. Interaction of estrogenic chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor beta. Endocrinology 139(10):4252-4263. DOI: 10.1210/endo.139.10.6216.
Oberdörster E, Clay MA, Cottam DM, Wilmot FA, McLachlan JA, Milner MJ. 2001. Common phytochemicals are ecdysteroid agonists and antagonists: a possible evolutionary link between vertebrate and invertebrate steroid hormones. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 77(4-5):229-238. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00067-X.
USE REFERENCES
Oberdörster E, Clay MA, Cottam DM, Wilmot FA, McLachlan JA, Milner MJ. 2001. Common phytochemicals are ecdysteroid agonists and antagonists: a possible evolutionary link between vertebrate and invertebrate steroid hormones. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 77(4-5):229-238. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-0760(01)00067-X
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 20, 2013
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Takeuchi S, Iida M, Yabushita H, Matsuda T, Kojima H. 2008. In vitro screening for aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonistic activity in 200 pesticides using a highly sensitive reporter cell line, DR-EcoScreen cells, and in vivo mouse liver cytochrome P450-1A induction by propanil, diuron and linuron. Chemosphere 74(1):155-165. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.08.015.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Benisek M, Blaha L, Hilscherova K. 2008. Interference of PAHs and their N-heterocyclic analogs with signaling of retinoids in vitro. Toxicol in Vitro 22(8):1909-1917. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.09.009.
USE REFERENCES
Benisek M, Blaha L, Hilscherova K. 2008. Interference of PAHs and their N-heterocyclic analogs with signaling of retinoids in vitro. Toxicol in Vitro 22(8):1909-1917. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.09.009
DATE ADDED: August 12, 2015 DATE UPDATED: August 12, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Solvent
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Benisek M, Blaha L, Hilscherova K. 2008. Interference of PAHs and their N-heterocyclic analogs with signaling of retinoids in vitro. Toxicol in Vitro 22(8):1909-1917. DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2008.09.009.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: August 12, 2015 DATE UPDATED: August 12, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2011. Widely used pesticides with previously unknown endocrine activity revealed as in vitro antiandrogens. Environ Health Perspect 119(6):794-800. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002895.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: October 7, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: pentachloronitrobenzene ( PCNB )
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurley PM, Hill RN, Whiting RJ. 1998. Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents [review]. Environ Health Perspect 106(8):437-445. DOI: 10.2307/3434175 .
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: reactive red 195
CATEGORY OF USE: Household product ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bazin, I., Hassine, A.I.H., Hamouda, Y.H., Mnif, W., Bartegi, A., Lopez-Ferber, M., De Waard, M. and Gonzalez, C., 2012. Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity of 23 commercial textile dyes. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 85, pp.131-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.003.
USE REFERENCES
Bazin, I., Hassine, A.I.H., Hamouda, Y.H., Mnif, W., Bartegi, A., Lopez-Ferber, M., De Waard, M. and Gonzalez, C., 2012. Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity of 23 commercial textile dyes. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 85, pp.131-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.003
DATE ADDED: June 20, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAME: C.I. acid red 256
CATEGORY OF USE: Household product ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bazin, I., Hassine, A.I.H., Hamouda, Y.H., Mnif, W., Bartegi, A., Lopez-Ferber, M., De Waard, M. and Gonzalez, C., 2012. Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity of 23 commercial textile dyes. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 85, pp.131-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.003.
USE REFERENCES
Bazin, I., Hassine, A.I.H., Hamouda, Y.H., Mnif, W., Bartegi, A., Lopez-Ferber, M., De Waard, M. and Gonzalez, C., 2012. Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity of 23 commercial textile dyes. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 85, pp.131-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.003
DATE ADDED: June 20, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAME: [5- ( phenylmethyl ) -3-furanyl]methyl 2 , 2-dimethyl-3- ( 2-methyl-1-propen-1-yl ) cyclopropanecarboxylate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Eil C, Nisula BC. 1990. The binding properties of pyrethroids to human skin fibroblast androgen receptors and to sex hormone binding globulin. J Steroid Biochem 35(3/4):409-414. DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(90)90248-Q.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 1 , 3-dihydroxybenzene, 1 , 3-benzenediol
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Aiston S, Agius L. 1999. Leptin enhances glycogen storage in hepatocytes by inhibition of phosphorylase and exerts an additive effect with insulin. Diabetes 48(1):15-20. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.48.1.15.
Alanko J, Riutta A, Mucha I, Vapaatalo H, Metsa-Ketela T. 1993. Modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism by phenols: relation to positions of hydroxyl groups and peroxyl radical scavenging properties. Free Radic Biol Med 14(1):19-25. DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(93)90505-O.
Divi RL, Doerge DR. 1994. Mechanism-based inactivation of lactoperoxidase and thyroid peroxidase by resorcinol derivatives. Biochemistry (Mosc) 33(32):9668-9674. DOI: 10.1021/bi00198a036.
Lindsay RH, Hill JB, Gaitan E, Cooksey RC, Jolley RL. 1992. Antithyroid effects of coal-derived pollutants. J Toxicol Environ Health 37(4):467-481. DOI: 10.1080/15287399209531686.
Welsch F, Nemec MD, Lawrence WB. 2008. Two-generation reproductive toxicity study of resorcinol administered via drinking water to Crl:CD(SD) Rats. Int J Toxicol 27(1):43-57. DOI: 10.1080/10915810701876679.
USE REFERENCES
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System. Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 23, 2013
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Miller D, Wheals BB, Beresford N, Sumpter JP. 2001. Estrogenic activity of phenolic additives determined by an in vitro yeast bioassay. Environ Health Perspect 109(2):133-138. DOI: 10.2307/3434765 .
USE REFERENCES
Dormer Laboratories. 2009. Patient information: resorcinol monobenzoate Link
Miller D, Wheals BB, Beresford N, Sumpter JP. 2001. Estrogenic activity of phenolic additives determined by an in vitro yeast bioassay. Environ Health Perspect 109(2):133-138. DOI: 10.2307/3434765
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 1-methyl-7- ( 1-methylethyl ) phenanthrene
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Metabolite/Degradate, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Evanson M, Van Der Kraak GJ. 2001. Stimulatory effects of selected PAHs on testosterone production in goldfish and rainbow trout and possible mechanisms of action. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 130(2):249-258. DOI: 10.1016/S1532-0456(01)00246-0.
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Billiard SM, Querbach K, Hodson PV. 1999. Toxicity of retene to early life stages of two freshwater fish species. Environ Toxicol Chem 18(9):2070-2077. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620180927
Orem WH, Tatu CA, Lerch HE, Rice CA, Bartos TT, Bates AL, Tewalt S, Corum MD. 2007. Organic compounds in produced waters from coalbed natural gas wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA. Appl Geochem 22(10):2240-2256. DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.010
Shen G, Tao S, Wei S, Zhang Y, Wang R, Wang B, Li W, Shen H, Huang Y, Yang Y, Wang WR, Wang X, Massey Simonich SLl. 2012. Retene Emission from Residential Solid Fuels in China and Evaluation of Retene as a Unique Marker for Soft Wood Combustion .Environ Sci Technol 46(8):4666-4672. DOI: 10.1021/es300144m
Yan B, Abrajano TA, Bopp RF, Chaky DA, Benedict LA, Chillrud SN. 2005. Molecular tracers of saturated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon inputs into Central Park Lake, New York City. Environ Sci Technol 39(18):7012-7019. DOI: 10.1021/es0506105
DATE ADDED: March 26, 2015 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: DCOI, DCOIT, 4 , 5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bellas J. 2006. Comparative toxicity of alternative antifouling biocides on embryos and larvae of marine invertebrates. Sci Total Environ 367(2-3):573-585. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.028.
USE REFERENCES
Bellas J. 2006. Comparative toxicity of alternative antifouling biocides on embryos and larvae of marine invertebrates. Sci Total Environ 367(2-3):573-585. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.01.028
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Perry ST, Kulkarni SB, Lee KL, Kenney FT. 1982. Selective effect of the metallocarcinogen beryllium on hormonal regulation of gene expression in cultured cells. Cancer Res 42(2):473-476. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: June 28, 2011 DATE UPDATED: June 28, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Maranghi F, Tassinari R, Marcoccia D, Altieri I, Catone T, De Angelis G, Testai E, Mastrangelo S, Evandri MG, Bolle P, Lorenzetti S. 2010. The food contaminant semicarbazide acts as an endocrine disrupter: evidence from an integrated in vivo/in vitro approach. Chem Biol Interact 183(1):40-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.09.016.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: nano-silver
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hinther A, Vawda S, Skirrow RC, Veldhoen N, Collins P, Cullen JT, van Aggelen G, Helbing CC. 2010. Nanometals induce stress and alter thyroid hormone action in amphibia at or below North American water quality guidelines. Environ Sci Technol 44(21):8314-8321. DOI: 10.1021/es101902n.
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Alawattegama SK, Kondratyuk T, Krynock R, Bricker M, Rutter JK, Bain DJ, Stolz JF. 2015. Well water contamination in a rural community in southwestern Pennsylvania near unconventional shale gas extraction. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 50(5):516-528. DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.992684
American Elements. Silver Nanoparticles. Link
DATE ADDED: October 7, 2011 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Choe SY, Kim SJ, Kim HG, Lee JH, Choi Y, Lee H, Kim Y. 2003. Evaluation of estrogenicity of major heavy metals. Sci Total Environ 312(1-3):15-21. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00190-6.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Didier R, Lutz-Ostertag Y. 1972. Action of simazine on the genital tract of embryos from chicken and quail in vivo. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil 166(12):1691-1693.
Fan WQ, Yanase T, Morinaga H, Gondo S, Okabe T, Nomura M, Komatsu T, Morohashi K-I, Hayes TB, Takayanagi R, Nawata H. 2007. Atrazine-induced aromatase expression is SF-1 dependent: implications for endocrine disruption in wildlife and reproductive cancers in humans. Environ Health Perspect 115(5):720-727. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9758.
Sanderson JT, Letcher RJ, Heneweer M, Giesy JP, van den Berg M. 2001. Effects of chloro-s-triazine herbicides and metabolites on aromatase activity in various human cell lines and on vitellogenin production in male carp hepatocytes. Environ Health Perspect 109(10):1027-1031. Link.
Tran DQ, Kow KY, McLachlan JA, Arnold SF. 1996. The inhibition of estrogen receptor-mediated responses by chloro-s-triazine-derived compounds is dependent on estradiol concentration in yeast. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications 227(1):140-146. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1480.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kaltreider RC, Davis AM, Lariviere JP, Hamilton JW. 2001. Arsenic alters the function of the glucocorticoid receptor as a transcription factor. Environ Health Perspect 109(3):245-251. Link.
Simons SS Jr, Chakraborti PK, Cavanaugh AH. 1990. Arsenite and cadmium(II) as probes of glucocorticoid receptor structure and function. J Biol Chem 265(4):1938-1945. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: June 16, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Eason CT, Spencer AJ, Pattison A, Bonner FW. 1989. The trophic effects of gastrin on fundic neuroendocrine cells of the rat stomach. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 3(3):245-251. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.1989.tb00210.x.
USE REFERENCES
Chemical and Product Categories (CPCAT) Link
The Endocrine Disruption Exchange. 2011. Multistate Report Spreadsheet. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
NTP. 2007 Mar. Toxicology studies of sodium bromate (CAS No. 7789-38-0) in genetically modified (FVB Tg.AC Hemizygous) mice (dermal and drinking water studies) and carcinogenicity studies of sodium bromate in genetically modified B6.129-Trp53tm1Brd (N5) haploinsufficient mice (drinking water studies). Natl Toxicol Program Genet Modif Model Rep (6):1-169. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Chemical and Product Categories (CPCAT) Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Buchberger W, Holler W, Winsauer K. 1990. Effects of sodium bromide on the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones and brominated/iodinated thyronines. J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis 4(1):25-30 Link.
Loeber JG, Franken MA, van Leeuwen FX. 1983. Effect of sodium bromide on endocrine parameters in the rat as studied by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Food Chem Toxicol 21(4):391-404 DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(83)90093-5 Get .
Thienpont B, Tingaud-Sequeira A, Prats E, Barata C, Babin PJ, Raldua D. 2011. Zebrafish eleutheroembryos provide a suitable vertebrate model for screening chemicals that impair thyroid hormone synthesis. Environ Sci Technol 45(17):7525-7532. DOI: 10.1021/es202248h.
van Leeuwen FX, den Tonkelaar EM, van Logten MJ. 1983. Toxicity of sodium bromide in rats: effects on endocrine system and reproduction. Food Chem Toxicol 21(4):383-389. DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(83)90092-3.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Carlton BD, Habash DL, Basaran AH, George EL, Smith MK. 1987. Sodium chlorite administration in Long-Evans rats: reproductive and endocrine effects. Environ Res 42(1):238-245. DOI: 10.1016/S0013-9351(87)80025-7.
Couri D, Miller CHJ, Bull RJ, Delphia JM, Ammar EM. 1982. Assessment of maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity and teratogenic potential of sodium chlorite in Sprague-Dawley rats. Environ Health Perspect 46:25-29. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.824625.
Gill MW, Swanson MS, Murphy SR, Bailey GP. 2000. Two-generation reproduction and developmental neurotoxicity study with sodium chlorite in the rat. J Appl Toxicol 20(4):291-303. DOI: 10.1002/1099-1263(200007/08)20:4<291::AID-JAT658>3.0.CO;2-Y.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Mazumder, R., Das, T.K. and Biswas, N.M., 1985. Spermatogenesis of rat: effect of central norepinephrine synthesis inhibition by diethyldithiocarbamate. Andrologia, 17(4), pp.400-405. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.1985.tb01029.x .
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 26, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAME: NaF
CATEGORIES OF USE: Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Dave G. 1984. Effects of fluoride on growth, reproduction and survival in Daphnia Magna. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology C 78(2):425-431. DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(84)90110-5.
Faccini JM, Care AD. 1965. Effect of sodium fluoride on the ultrastructure of the parathyroid glands of sheep. Nature 207(5004):1399-1401. DOI: 10.1038/2071399a0.
Narayana MV, Chinoy NJ. 1994. Effect of fluoride on rat testicular steroidogenesis. Fluoride 27(1):7-12. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: disodium molybdate, sodium molybdate ( VI )
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive, Metal/Metallurgy, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Choe SY, Kim SJ, Kim HG, Lee JH, Choi Y, Lee H, Kim Y. 2003. Evaluation of estrogenicity of major heavy metals. Sci Total Environ 312(1-3):15-21. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00190-6.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Eskiocak S, Dundar C, Basoglu T, Altaner S. 2005. The effects of taking chronic nitrate by drinking water on thyroid functions and morphology. Clin Exp Med 5(2):66-71. DOI: 10.1007/s10238-005-0068-1.
USE REFERENCES
The Endocrine Disruption Exchange. 2011. Multistate Report Spreadsheet. Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Alavantic D, Sunjevaric I, Pecevski J, Bozin D, Cerovic G. 1988. In vivo genotoxicity of nitrates and nitrites in germ cells of male mice. I. Evidence for gonadal exposure and lack of heritable effects. Mutat Res 204(4):689-695. DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(88)90074-2.
Grant D, Butler WH. 1989. Chronic toxicity of sodium nitrite in the male F344 rat. Food Chem Toxicol 27(9):565-571. DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(89)90015-X.
Til HP, Kuper CF, Falke HE. 1997. Nitrite-induced adrenal effects in rats and the consequences for the no-observed-effect level. Food Chem Toxicol 35(3-4):349-355. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00122-1.
Vleeming W, van de Kuil A, te Biesebeek JD, Meulenbelt J, Boink AB. 1997. Effect of nitrite on blood pressure in anaesthetized and free-moving rats. Food Chem Toxicol 35(6):615-619. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(97)00015-X.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Yamada T, Jones AE. 1968. Effect of thiocyanate, perchlorate, and other anions on plasma protein-thyroid hormone interaction in vitro. Endocrinology 82(1):47-53. DOI: 10.1210/endo-82-1-47.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: August 5, 2014
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Choe SY, Kim SJ, Kim HG, Lee JH, Choi Y, Lee H, Kim Y. 2003. Evaluation of estrogenicity of major heavy metals. Sci Total Environ 312(1-3):15-21. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00190-6.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Choe SY, Kim SJ, Kim HG, Lee JH, Choi Y, Lee H, Kim Y. 2003. Evaluation of estrogenicity of major heavy metals. Sci Total Environ 312(1-3):15-21. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00190-6.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Simons SS Jr, Chakraborti PK, Cavanaugh AH. 1990. Arsenite and cadmium(II) as probes of glucocorticoid receptor structure and function. J Biol Chem 265(4):1938-1945. Link.
USE REFERENCES
LookChem Link
DATE ADDED: July 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Flame retardant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Smith GS, Neumann AL, Gledhill VH, and Arzola CA. 1973. Effects of “Soluble Silica” on Growth, Nutrient Balance and Reproductive Performance of Albino Rats. J Anim Sci, 36(2), 271-278. DOI: 10.2527/jas1973.362271x.
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US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: Na2 ( Sx ) , sulfide, sulphide
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
De SN, Bhattacharya S. 1976. Effect of some industrial pollutants on fish thyroid peroxidase activity and role of cytochrome C thereon. Indian J Exp Biol 14(5):561-563. Link.
USE REFERENCES
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 20, 2013
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: disodium tetraborate , anhydrous, borax , fused, anhydrous borax, borax dehydrated, disodium salt of boric acid, disodium tetrabromate, fused borax, sodium borate ( anhydrous ) , sodium tetraborate, boric acid , disodium salt
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Flame retardant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Yang, L.K., Nigg, H.N., Simpson, S.E., Ramos, L.E., Cuyler, N.W., Barnes, J.I. and Green, C.G., 2000. Sodium tetraborate effects on mortality and reproduction of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of economic entomology, 93(5), pp.1485-1492. DOI: 10.1603/0022-0493-93.5.1485.
USE REFERENCES
Groh, K.J., Backhaus, T., Carney-Almroth, B., Geueke, B., Inostroza, P.A., Lennquist, A., Maffini, M., Leslie, H.A., Slunge, D., Trasande, L. and Warhurst, M., 2018. Chemicals associated with plastic packaging: Inventory and hazards. PeerJ Preprints, 6, p.e27036v1. DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27036v1
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 26, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAME: sodium mercaptoacetate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Sajapitak S, Iwata K, Shahab M, Uenoyama Y, Yamada S, Kinoshita M, Bari FY, I'Anson H, Tsukamura H, and Maeda K. 2008. Central lipoprivation-induced suppression of luteinizing hormone pulses is mediated by paraventricular catecholaminergic inputs in female rats. Endocrinology, 149(6):3016-3024 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0016.
USE REFERENCES
Chemical and Product Categories (CPCAT) Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: March 19, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: diethyl yellow, 4-diethylaminoazobenzene, C.I. solvent yellow 56, N , N-diethyl-4-aminoazobenzene, DEAB
CATEGORY OF USE: Household product ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bazin, I., Hassine, A.I.H., Hamouda, Y.H., Mnif, W., Bartegi, A., Lopez-Ferber, M., De Waard, M. and Gonzalez, C., 2012. Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity of 23 commercial textile dyes. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 85, pp.131-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.003.
USE REFERENCES
Bazin, I., Hassine, A.I.H., Hamouda, Y.H., Mnif, W., Bartegi, A., Lopez-Ferber, M., De Waard, M. and Gonzalez, C., 2012. Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity of 23 commercial textile dyes. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 85, pp.131-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.003
DATE ADDED: June 20, 2018
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Choe SY, Kim SJ, Kim HG, Lee JH, Choi Y, Lee H, Kim Y. 2003. Evaluation of estrogenicity of major heavy metals. Sci Total Environ 312(1-3):15-21. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00190-6.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kassotis CD, Klemp KC, Vu DC, Lin CH, Meng CX, Besch-Williford CL, Pinatti L, Zoeller RT, Drobnis EZ, Balise VD, et al. 2015 in press. Endocrine-disrupting activity of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and adverse health outcomes after prenatal exposure in male mice. Endocrinology:en20151375. DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1375.
Kassotis CD, Tillitt DE, Davis JW, Hormann AM, Nagel SC. 2014. Estrogen and androgen receptor activities of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and surface and ground water in a drilling-dense region. Endocrinology 155(3):897-907. DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1697.
Mutti A, Falzoi M, Romanelli A, Franchini I. 1984. Regional alterations of brain catecholamines by styrene exposure in rabbits. Arch Toxicol 55(3):173-177. DOI: 10.1007/BF00316123.
Takao T, Nanamiya W, Nazerloo HP, Asaba K, Hashimoto K. 2000. Possible reproductive toxicity of styrene in peripubertal male mice. Endocr J 47(3):343-347. DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.47.343.
Zaidi NF, Agrawal AK, Srivastava SP, Seth PK. 1985. Effect of gestational and neonatal styrene exposure on dopamine receptors. Neurobehavioral Toxicology & Teratology 7(1):23-28. Link.
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Colborn T, Schultz K, Herrick L, Kwiatkowski C. 2014. An Exploratory Study of Air Quality near Natural Gas Operations. Hum Ecol Risk Assess 20(1):86-105. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2012.749447
McKenzie LM, Witter RZ, Newman LS, Adgate JL. 2012. Human health risk assessment of air emissions from development of unconventional natural gas resources. Sci Total Environ 424:79-87. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.018
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
Ziemkiewicz PF, Quaranta JD, Darnell A, Wise R. 2014. Exposure pathways related to shale gas development and procedures for reducing environmental and public risk. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 16(0):77-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.jngse.2013.11.003
Ziemkiewicz PF, Thomas He Y. 2015. Evolution of water chemistry during Marcellus Shale gas development: A case study in West Virginia. Chemosphere 134:224-231. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.040
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: styrene-7 , 8-oxide
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive, Metabolite/Degradate, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Brown-Woodman PD, Webster WS, Picker K, Huq F. 1994. In vitro assessment of individual and interactive effects of aromatic hydrocarbons on embryonic development of the rat. Reprod Toxicol 8(2):121-135. DOI: 10.1016/0890-6238(94)90019-1.
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Brown-Woodman PD, Webster WS, Picker K, Huq F. 1994. In vitro assessment of individual and interactive effects of aromatic hydrocarbons on embryonic development of the rat. Reprod Toxicol 8(2):121-135. DOI: 10.1016/0890-6238(94)90019-1
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 12, 2013
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Cao D, Lu H, Lewis TL, Li L. 2007. Intake of sucrose-sweetened water induces insulin resistance and exacerbates memory deficits and amyloidosis in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Biol Chem 282(50):36275-36282. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M703561200.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: sulfamidine
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Doerge DR, Divi RL. 1995 Jul. Porphyrin pi-cation and protein radicals in peroxidase catalysis and inhibition by anti-thyroid chemicals. Xenobiotica 25(7):761-767. DOI: 10.3109/00498259509061891.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Pesticide ingredient, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Dejmek J, Jelinek R, Solansky' I, Benes I, Sram RJ. 2000. Fecundability and parental exposure to ambient sulfur dioxide. Environ Health Perspect 108(7):647-654. DOI: 10.2307/3434886.
USE REFERENCES
The Endocrine Disruption Exchange. 2011. Multistate Report Spreadsheet. Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: phenothrin, fenothrin, ( 3-phenoxyphenyl ) methyl 2 , 2-dimethyl-3- ( 2-methyl-1-propen-1-yl ) cyclopropanecarboxylate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Eil C, Nisula BC. 1990. The binding properties of pyrethroids to human skin fibroblast androgen receptors and to sex hormone binding globulin. J Steroid Biochem 35(3/4):409-414. DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(90)90248-Q.
Garey J, Wolff MS. 1998. Estrogenic and antiprogestagenic activities of pyrethroid insecticides. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications 251(3):855-859. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9569.
Go V, Garey J, Wolff MS, Pogo BGT. 1999. Estrogenic potential of certain pyrethroid compounds in the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line. Environ Health Perspect 107(3):173-177. DOI: 10.2307/3434505.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 10, 2013
CATEGORY OF USE: Biogenic compound
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Rosenberg RS, Grass L, Jenkins DJ, Kendall CWC, Diamandis EP. 1998. Modulation of androgen and progesterone receptors by phytochemicals in breast cancer cell lines. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications 248(3):935-939. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8977.
USE REFERENCES
Rosenberg RS, Grass L, Jenkins DJ, Kendall CWC, Diamandis EP. 1998. Modulation of androgen and progesterone receptors by phytochemicals in breast cancer cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 248(3):935-939. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8977
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Biogenic compound
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Rosenberg RS, Grass L, Jenkins DJ, Kendall CWC, Diamandis EP. 1998. Modulation of androgen and progesterone receptors by phytochemicals in breast cancer cell lines. Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications 248(3):935-939. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8977.
USE REFERENCES
Rosenberg RS, Grass L, Jenkins DJ, Kendall CWC, Diamandis EP. 1998. Modulation of androgen and progesterone receptors by phytochemicals in breast cancer cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 248(3):935-939. DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8977
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kugathas S, Audouze K, Ermler S, Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2015 (in press). Effects of common pesticides on prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) inhibition in SC5 mouse Sertoli cells, evidence of binding at the COX2 active site, and implications for endocrine disruption. Environ Health Perspect. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409544.
Orton F, Rosivatz E, Scholze M, Kortenkamp A. 2011. Widely used pesticides with previously unknown endocrine activity revealed as in vitro antiandrogens. Environ Health Perspect 119(6):794-800. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002895.
Trösken ER, Scholz K, Lutz RW, Völkel W, Zarn JA, Lutz WK. 2004. Comparative assessment of the inhibition of recombinant human CYP19 (aromatase) by azoles used in agriculture and as drugs for humans. Endocr Res 30(3):387-394. DOI: 10.1081/ERC-200035093.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: October 7, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Greenlee AR, Ellis TM, Berg RL. 2004. Low-dose agrochemicals and lawn-care pesticides induce developmental toxicity in murine preimplantation embryos. Environ Health Perspect 112(6):703-709. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6774.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: February 19, 2015 DATE UPDATED: February 19, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kjeldsen LS, Ghisari M, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC. 2013. Currently used pesticides and their mixtures affect the function of sex hormone receptors and aromatase enzyme activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 272(2):453-464. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.028.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: terbutryne
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurley PM, Hill RN, Whiting RJ. 1998. Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents [review]. Environ Health Perspect 106(8):437-445. DOI: 10.2307/3434175 .
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: TBBPA, 3 , 3' , 5 , 5'-tetrabromobisphenol A, 2 , 2' , 6 , 6'-tetrabromobisphenol A
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hamers T, Kamstra JH, Sonneveld E, Murk AJ, Kester MH, Andersson PL, Legler J, Brouwer A. 2006. In vitro profiling of the endocrine-disrupting potency of brominated flame retardants. Toxicol Sci 92(1):157-173. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj187.
Meerts IATM, van Zanden JJ, Luijks EAC, van Leeuwen-Bol I, Marsh G, Jakobsson E, Bergman Å, Brouwer A. 2000. Potent competitive interactions of some brominated flame retardants and related compounds with human transthyretin in vitro. Toxicol Sci 56(1):95-104. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/56.1.95.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: August 4, 2014
ALTERNATIVE NAME: TBBPA-DBPE
CATEGORY OF USE: Flame retardant
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hamers T, Kamstra JH, Sonneveld E, Murk AJ, Kester MH, Andersson PL, Legler J, Brouwer A. 2006. In vitro profiling of the endocrine-disrupting potency of brominated flame retardants. Toxicol Sci 92(1):157-173. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfj187.
USE REFERENCES
Bergman Å, Rydén A, Law RJ, de Boer J, Covaci A, Alaee M, Birnbaum L, Petreas M, Rose M, Sakai S, Van den Eede N, van der Veen I. 2012. A novel abbreviation standard for organobromine, organochlorine and organophosphorus flame retardants and some characteristics of the chemicals. Environ Int 49:57-82. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.08.003
DATE ADDED: August 7, 2014 DATE UPDATED: August 7, 2014
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: TBECH, 1 , 2-dibromo-4- ( 1 , 2-dibromoethyl ) cyclohexane, BCH
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Khalaf H, Larsson A, Berg H, McCrindle R, Arsenault G, Olsson PE. 2009. Diastereomers of the brominated flame retardant 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2 dibromoethyl)cyclohexane induce androgen receptor activation in the HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. Environ Health Perspect 117(12):1853-1859. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901065.
Larsson A, Eriksson LA, Andersson PL, Ivarson P, Olsson PE. 2006. Identification of the brominated flame retardant 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane as an androgen agonist. J Med Chem 49(25):7366-7372. DOI: 10.1021/jm060713d.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 20, 2013 DATE UPDATED: September 20, 2013
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Nakagomi M, Suzuki E, Usumi K, Saitoh Y, Yoshimura S, Nagao T, Ono H. 2001. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on the microtubule network in Chinese hamster V79 cells in culture and in Sertoli cells in rats. Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis 21(6):453-462. DOI: 10.1002/tcm.1032.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: June 16, 2011 DATE UPDATED: June 16, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: dichlorobenzyldichlorotoluenes, Ugilec 141
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Murk AJ, van den Berg JHJ, Koeman JH, Brouwer A. 1991. The toxicity of tetrachlorobenzyltoluenes (Ugilec 141) and polychlorobiphenyls (Aroclor 1254 and PCB-77) compared in Ah-responsive and Ah-nonresponsive mice. Environ Pollut 72(1):57-67. DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(91)90155-P.
USE REFERENCES
Murk AJ, van den Berg JHJ, Koeman JH, Brouwer A. 1991. The toxicity of tetrachlorobenzyltoluenes (Ugilec 141) and polychlorobiphenyls (Aroclor 1254 and PCB-77) compared in Ah-responsive and Ah-nonresponsive mice. Environ Pollut 72(1):57-67. DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(91)90155-P
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: October 11, 2013
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: TCBPA, 3 , 3' , 5 , 5'-tetrachlorobisphenol A, 2 , 2' , 6 , 6'-tetrachlorobisphenol A
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Meerts IATM, van Zanden JJ, Luijks EAC, van Leeuwen-Bol I, Marsh G, Jakobsson E, Bergman Å, Brouwer A. 2000. Potent competitive interactions of some brominated flame retardants and related compounds with human transthyretin in vitro. Toxicol Sci 56(1):95-104. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/56.1.95.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 2 , 3 , 5 , 6-tetrachlorohydroquinone, 1 , 4-tetrachlorohydroquinone
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
den Besten C, Vet JJRM, Besselink HT, Kiel GS, Beems R, van Bladeren PJV. 1991. The liver, kidney, and thyroid toxicity of chlorinated benzenes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 111(1):69-81. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(91)90135-2.
Van den Berg KJ, van Raaij JAGM, Bragt PC, Notten WRF. 1991. Interactions of halogenated industrial chemicals with transthyretin and effects on thyroid hormone levels in vivo. Arch Toxicol 65(1):15-19. DOI: 10.1007/BF01973497.
van Raaij JAGM, van den Berg KJ, Engel R, Bragt PC, Notten WRF. 1991. Effects of hexachlorobenzene and its metabolites pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorohydroquinone on serum thyroid hormone levels in rats. Toxicology 67(1):107-116. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(91)90168-Z.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Badraoui R, Abdelmoula NB, Feki N, Ben Nasr H, Rebai T. 2010. Endocrine disruption and ovarian morphometric responses in rats following exposure to tetradifon. Gen Comp Endocrinol 166(2):268-272. DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.09.013.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Chhabra RS, Elwell MR, Chou B, Miller RA, Renne RA. Subchronic toxicity of tetrahydrofuran vapors in rats and mice. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. 1990 Feb 1;14(2):338-45. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/14.2.338.
Mast TJ, Weigel RJ, Westerberg RB, Schwetz BA, Morrissey RE. Evaluation of the potential for developmental toxicity in rats and mice following inhalation exposure to tetrahydrofuran. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. 1992 Feb 1;18(2):255-65. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90054-L.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. 2017. Inert Ingredients Overview and Guidance. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: July 13, 2017 DATE UPDATED: July 13, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: mix of 9 , 12-oxy-10 , 13-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid and 10 , 13-oxy-9 , 12- dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid, THF-diols
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Markaverich BM, Alejandro M, Thompson T, Mani S, Reyna A, Portillo W, Sharp J, Turk J, Crowley JR. 2007. Tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols), leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols), and endocrine disruption in rats. Environ Health Perspect 115(5):702-708. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9311.
Markaverich BM, Crowley J, Rodriquez M, Shoulars K, Thompson T. 2007. Tetrahydrofurandiol stimulation of phospholipase A(2), lipoxygenase, and cyclooxygenase gene expression and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell proliferation. Environ Health Perspect 115(12):1727-1731. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10659.
USE REFERENCES
Markaverich BM, Alejandro M, Thompson T, Mani S, Reyna A, Portillo W, Sharp J, Turk J and Crowley JR. 2007. Tetrahydrofurandiols (THF-diols), leukotoxindiols (LTX-diols), and endocrine disruption in rats. Environmental Health Perspectives 115(5): 702-708. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9311
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: THN, tetralol, tetrahydronaphthol-2, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4-tetrahydro-2-naphthol, 2-hydroxytetralin
CATEGORIES OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Mueller GC, Kim UH. 1978. Displacement of estradiol from estrogen receptors by simple alkyl phenols. Endocrinology 102(5):1429-1435. DOI: 10.1210/endo-102-5-1429.
USE REFERENCES
Mueller GC, Kim UH. 1978. Displacement of estradiol from estrogen receptors by simple alkyl phenols. Endocrinology 102(5):1429-1435. DOI: 10.1210/endo-102-5-1429
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. (tetralin) Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 12, 2013
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
NTP. 1987. NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) (CAS No. 55566-30-8) and Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) (CAS No. 124-64-1) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies). Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 296:1-290. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: ( 1 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7-hexahydro-1 , 3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl ) methyl 2 , 2-dimethyl-3- ( 2-methyl-1-propen-1-yl ) cyclopropanecarboxylate
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Du G, Shen O, Sun H, Fei J, Lu C, Song L, Xia Y, Wang S, Wang X. 2010. Assessing hormone receptor activities of pyrethroid insecticides and their metabolites in reporter gene assays. Toxicol Sci 116(1):58-66. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq120.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Morrissey RE, Collins JJ, Lamb JC, 4th, Manus AG, Gulati DK. 1988. Reproductive effects of theophylline in mice and rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol 10(3):525-536. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(88)90299-0.
USE REFERENCES
Morrissey RE, Collins JJ, Lamb JC, 4th, Manus AG and Gulati DK. 1988. Reproductive effects of theophylline in mice and rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol 10(3): 525-536. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(88)90299-0
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Caron-Beaudoin, E, Viau, R, Hudon-Thibeault, AA, Vaillancourt, C, and Sanderson, JT. 2017. The use of a unique co-culture model of fetoplacental steroidogenesis as a screening tool for endocrine disruptors: The effects of neonicotinoids on aromatase activity and hormone production. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 332:15-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.07.018.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 18, 2017 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Caron-Beaudoin, E, Viau, R, Hudon-Thibeault, AA, Vaillancourt, C, and Sanderson, JT. 2017. The use of a unique co-culture model of fetoplacental steroidogenesis as a screening tool for endocrine disruptors: The effects of neonicotinoids on aromatase activity and hormone production. Toxicology and applied pharmacology 332:15-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.07.018.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 18, 2017 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hurley PM, Hill RN, Whiting RJ. 1998. Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents [review]. Environ Health Perspect 106(8):437-445. DOI: 10.2307/3434175 .
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Charatcharoenwitthaya N, Ongphiphadhanakul B, Pearce EN, Somprasit C, Chanthasenanont C, He X, Chailurkit L, Braverman LE. 2014. The Association Between Perchlorate and Thiocyanate Exposure and Thyroid Function in First-Trimester Pregnant Thai Women. JCEM 99(7):2365-71. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3986.
Ghorbel H, Fetoui H, Mahjoubi A, Guermazi F, Zeghal N. 2008. Thiocyanate effects on thyroid-function of weaned mice. Comptes Rendus Biologies 331(4):262-271. DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2008.01.010.
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Ghorbel H, Fetoui H, Mahjoubi A, Guermazi F and Zeghal N. 2008. Thiocyanate effects on thyroid-function of weaned mice. Comptes Rendus Biologies 331(4): 262-271. DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2008.01.010
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Zhang L, Wang J, Zhu GN, Su L. 2010 Mar. Pubertal exposure to thiodiazole copper inhibits thyroid function in juvenile female rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol 62(2):163-169. DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2009.03.005.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metal/Metallurgy
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Swapna I, Rajasekhar A, Supriya A, Raghuveer K, Rasheeda MK, Majumdar KC, Kagawa H, Tanaka H, Dutta-Gupta A, Senthilkumaran B. 2006. Thiourea-induced thyroid hormone depletion impairs testicular recrudescence in the air-breathing catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology a-Molecular & Integrative Physiology 144(1):1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.01.017.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: thiuram, TMTD
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Han MS, Shin KJ, Kim YH, Kim SH, Lee T, Kim E, Ryu SH, Suh PG. 2003. Thiram and ziram stimulate non-selective cation channel and induce apoptosis in PC12 cells. Neurotoxicology 24(3):425-434. DOI: 10.1016/S0161-813X(03)00013-5.
Serio R, Long RA, Taylor JE, Tolman RL, Weppelman RM, Olson G. 1984. The antifertility and antiadrenergic actions of thiocarbamate fungicides in laying hens. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 72(2):333-342. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(84)90318-1.
Stoker TE, Cooper RL, Goldman JM, Andrews JE. 1996. Characterization of pregnancy outcome following thiram-induced ovulatory delay in the female rat. Neurotoxicol Teratol 18(3):277-282. DOI: 10.1016/S0892-0362(96)90025-2.
Stoker TE, Goldman JM, Cooper RL. 1993. The dithiocarbamate fungicide thiram disrupts the hormonal control of ovulation in the female rat. Reprod Toxicol 7:211-218. DOI: 10.1016/0890-6238(93)90226-W.
Stoker TE, Jeffay SC, Zucker RM, Cooper RL, Perreault SD. 2003. Abnormal fertilization is responsible for reduced fecundity following thiram-induced ovulatory delay in the rat. Biol Reprod 68(6):2142-2149. DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.013847.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: titanium trichloride
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Metal/Metallurgy
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Choe SY, Kim SJ, Kim HG, Lee JH, Choi Y, Lee H, Kim Y. 2003. Evaluation of estrogenicity of major heavy metals. Sci Total Environ 312(1-3):15-21. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00190-6.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Wang J, Zhu X, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Liu H, George R, Wilson-Rawls J, Chang Y, Chen Y. 2011. Disruption of zebrafish (Danio rerio) reproduction upon chronic exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles. Chemosphere 83(4):461-467. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.069.
USE REFERENCES
The Endocrine Disruption Exchange. 2011. Multistate Report Spreadsheet. Link
Wang J, Zhu X, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Liu H, George R, Wilson-Rawls J, Chang Y, Chen Y. 2011. Disruption of zebrafish (Danio rerio) reproduction upon chronic exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles. Chemosphere 83(4):461-467. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.069
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Grunfeld HT, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC. 2004. Effect of in vitro estrogenic pesticides on human oestrogen receptor alpha and beta mRNA levels. Toxicol Lett 151(3):467-480. DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.03.021.
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Kojima M, Fukunaga K, Sasaki M, Nakamura M, Tsuji M, Nishiyama T. 2005. Evaluation of estrogenic activities of pesticides using an in vitro reporter gene assay. International Journal of Environmental Health Research 15(4):271-280. DOI: 10.1080/09603120500155765.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Brown-Woodman PD, Webster WS, Picker K, Huq F. 1994. In vitro assessment of individual and interactive effects of aromatic hydrocarbons on embryonic development of the rat. Reprod Toxicol 8(2):121-135. DOI: 10.1016/0890-6238(94)90019-1.
Kassotis CD, Klemp KC, Vu DC, Lin CH, Meng CX, Besch-Williford CL, Pinatti L, Zoeller RT, Drobnis EZ, Balise VD, et al. 2015 in press. Endocrine-disrupting activity of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and adverse health outcomes after prenatal exposure in male mice. Endocrinology:en20151375. DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1375.
Ono A, Sekita K, Ogawa Y, Hirose A, Suzuki S, Saito M, Naito K, Kaneko T, Furuya T, Kawashima K, Yasuhara K, Matsumoto K, Tanaka S, Inoue T, Kurokawa Y. 1996. Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of toluene. II. Effects of inhalation exposure on fertility in rats. Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology & Oncology 15(1):9-20. Link.
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National Pesticide Information Retrieval System. Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: ( tolyfluanid: misspelling )
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Johansson M, Johansson N, Lund BO. 2005. Xenobiotics and the glucocorticoid receptor: additive antagonistic effects on tyrosine aminotransferase activity in rat hepatoma cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 96(4):309-315. DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto960406.x.
Neel BA, Brady MJ, Sargis RM. 2013. The Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Tolylfluanid Alters Adipocyte Metabolism via Glucocorticoid Receptor Activation. Mol Endocrinol 27(3):394-406. DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1270.
Regnier SM, Kirkley AG, Ye H, El-Hashani E, Zhang X, Neel BA, Kamau W, Thomas CC, Williams AK, Hayes ET, Massad NL, Johnson DN, Huang L, Zhang C, Sargis RM. 2015. Dietary exposure to the endocrine disruptor tolylfluanid promotes global metabolic dysfunction in male mice. Endocrinology 156(3):896-910. DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1668.
Sargis RM, Johnson DN, Choudhury RA, Brady MJ. 2010. Environmental endocrine disruptors promote adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 cell line through glucocorticoid receptor activation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 18(7):1283-1288. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.419.
Sargis RM, Neel BA, Brock CO, Lin Y, Hickey AT, Carlton DA, Brady MJ. 2012. The novel endocrine disruptor tolylfluanid impairs insulin signaling in primary rodent and human adipocytes through a reduction in insulin receptor substrate-1 levels. Biochim Biophys Acta 1822(6):952-960. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.02.015.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 24, 2015 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: camphechlor
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Goldner WS, Sandler DP, Yu F, Shostrom V, Hoppin JA, Kamel F, LeVan TD. Hypothyroidism and pesticide use among male private pesticide applicators in the agricultural health study. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2013 Oct;55(10):1171. DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e31829b290b.
Haake J, Kelley M, Keys B, Safe S. 1987. The effects of organochlorine pesticides as inducers of testosterone and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylases. Gen Pharmacol 18(2):165-169. DOI: 10.1016/0306-3623(87)90244-8.
Hurst JG, Newcomer WS, Morrison JA. 1974. Some effects of DDT, Toxaphene and Polychlorinated Biphenyl on thyroid function in Bobwhite Quail. Poult Sci 53(1):125-133. DOI: 10.3382/ps.0530125.
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Anal Bioanal Chem 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0.
Soto AM, Sonnenschein C, Chung KL, Fernandez MF, Olea N, Serrano FO. 1995. The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: An update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 103 (Suppl. 7):113-122. DOI: 10.2307/3432519 .
Waritz RS, Steinberg M, Kinoshita FK, Kelly CM, Richter WR. 1996. Thyroid function and thyroid tumors in toxaphene-treated rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 24(2 Part 1):184-192. DOI: 10.1006/rtph.1996.0124.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: styrene dimer SD-4
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Ohyama K-I, Nagai F, Tsuchiya Y. 2001. Certain styrene oligomers have proliferative activity on MCF-7 human breast tumor cells and binding affinity for human estrogen receptor. Environ Health Perspect 109(7):699-703. Link.
Satoh K, Nagai F, Aoki N. 2001. Several environmental pollutants have binding affinities for both androgen receptor and estrogen receptor α. Journal of Health Science 47(5):495-501. DOI: 10.1248/jhs.47.495.
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Ohyama K-I, Nagai F, Tsuchiya Y. 2001. Certain styrene oligomers have proliferative activity on MCF-7 human breast tumor cells and binding affinity for human estrogen receptor. Environ Health Perspect 109(7):699-703. DOI: 10.2307/3454786
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Hester SD, Nesnow S. 2008. Transcriptional responses in thyroid tissues from rats treated with a tumorigenic and a non-tumorigenic triazole conazole fungicide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 227(3):357-369. DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.10.030.
Hurley PM, Hill RN, Whiting RJ. 1998. Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents [review]. Environ Health Perspect 106(8):437-445. DOI: 10.2307/3434175 .
Okubo T, Yokoyama Y, Kano K, Soya Y, Kano I. 2004. Estimation of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of selected pesticides by MCF-7 cell proliferation assay. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 46(4):445-453. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-003-3017-6.
Petit F, Le Goff P, Cravedi JP, Valotaire Y, Pakdel F. 1997. Two complementary bioassays for screening the estrogenic potency of xenobiotics: recombinant yeast for trout estrogen receptor and trout hepatocyte cultures. J Mol Endocrinol 19(3):321-335. DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0190321.
Trösken ER, Scholz K, Lutz RW, Völkel W, Zarn JA, Lutz WK. 2004. Comparative assessment of the inhibition of recombinant human CYP19 (aromatase) by azoles used in agriculture and as drugs for humans. Endocr Res 30(3):387-394. DOI: 10.1081/ERC-200035093.
Vinggaard AM, Breinholt V, Larsen JC. 1999. Screening of selected pesticides for oestrogen receptor activation in vitro. Food Additives & Contaminants 16(12):533-542. DOI: 10.1080/026520399283678.
Vinggaard AM, Hnida C, Breinholt V, Larsen JC. 2000. Screening of selected pesticides for inhibition of CYP19 aromatase activity in vitro. Toxicol in Vitro 14(3):227-234. DOI: 10.1016/S0887-2333(00)00018-7.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Okubo T, Yokoyama Y, Kano K, Soya Y, Kano I. 2004. Estimation of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of selected pesticides by MCF-7 cell proliferation assay. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 46(4):445-453. DOI: 10.1007/s00244-003-3017-6.
Trösken ER, Scholz K, Lutz RW, Völkel W, Zarn JA, Lutz WK. 2004. Comparative assessment of the inhibition of recombinant human CYP19 (aromatase) by azoles used in agriculture and as drugs for humans. Endocr Res 30(3):387-394. DOI: 10.1081/ERC-200035093.
Vinggaard AM, Hnida C, Breinholt V, Larsen JC. 2000. Screening of selected pesticides for inhibition of CYP19 aromatase activity in vitro. Toxicol in Vitro 14(3):227-234. DOI: 10.1016/S0887-2333(00)00018-7.
Walker QD, Mailman RB. 1996. Triadimefon and triadimenol: effects on monoamine uptake and release. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 139(2):227-233. DOI: 10.1006/taap.1996.0161.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Andersen HR, Vinggaard AM, Rasmussen TH, Gjermandsen IM, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC. 2002. Effects of currently used pesticides in assays for estrogenicity, androgenicity, and aromatase activity in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 179(1):1-12. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2001.9347.
Long M, Laier P, Vinggaard AM, Andersen HR, Lynggaard J, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC. 2003. Effects of currently used pesticides in the AhR-CALUX assay: comparison between the human TV101L and the rat H4IIE cell line. Toxicology 194(1-2):77-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2003.08.001 Get .
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 25, 2015 DATE UPDATED: March 25, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Quistad GB, Nomura DK, Sparks SE, Segall Y, Casida JE. 2002. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor as a target for chlorpyrifos oxon and other organophosphorus pesticides. Toxicol Lett 135(1-2):89-93. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4274(02)00251-5.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: October 7, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: TBP
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Metal/Metallurgy, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Takeuchi S, Itoh T, Iida M, Kobayashi S, Yoshida T. 2013. In vitro endocrine disruption potential of organophosphate flame retardants via human nuclear receptors. Toxicology 314(1):76-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.09.004.
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Orem WH, Tatu CA, Lerch HE, Rice CA, Bartos TT, Bates AL, Tewalt S, Corum MD. 2007. Organic compounds in produced waters from coalbed natural gas wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA. Appl Geochem 22(10):2240-2256. DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.010
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: November 2, 2015 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: TBT ( ionic )
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Atanasov AG, Nashev LG, Tan S, Baker ME, Odermatt A. 2005. Organotins disrupt the 11[beta]-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2-dependent local inactivation of glucocorticoids. Environ Health Perspect 113(11):1600-1606. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8209.
Bettin C, Oehlmann J, Stroben E. 1996. TBT-induced imposex in marine neogastropods is mediated by an increasing androgen level. Helgoland Marine Research [Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen] 50(3):299-317. DOI: 10.1007/BF02367105.
Gibbs PE, Pascoe PL, Burt GR. 1988. Sex change in the female dog-whelk, Nucella lapillus, induced by tributyltin from antifouling paints. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 68(4):715-731. DOI: 10.1017/S00025315400028824.
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Abraha AB, Whalen MM. 2009. The role of p44/42 activation in tributyltin-induced inhibition of human natural killer cells: effects of MEK inhibitors. J Appl Toxicol 29(2):165-173. DOI: 10.1002/jat.1397
Atanasov AG, Nashev LG, Tan S, Baker ME, Odermatt A. 2005. Organotins disrupt the 11[beta]-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2-dependent local inactivation of glucocorticoids. Environ Health Perspect 113(11):1600-1606. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8209
US FDA. 2011. List of Indirect Additives Used in Food Contact Substances. Link
Yamada S, Fuji Y, Mikami E, Kawamura N, Hayakawa J. 1993. Small-scale survey of organotin compounds in household commodities. J AOAC Int 76(2):436-441.
DATE ADDED: June 16, 2011 DATE UPDATED: August 12, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: TBT acetate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Suzuki N, Tabata MJ, Kambegawa A, Srivastav AK, Shirnada A, Takeda H, Kobayashi M, Wada S, Katsumata T, Hattori A. 2006. Tributyltin inhibits osteoblastic activity and disrupts calcium metabolism through an increase in plasma calcium and calcitonin levels in teleosts. Life Sci 78(21):2533-2541. DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.10.004.
USE REFERENCES
Abraha AB, Whalen MM. 2009. The role of p44/42 activation in tributyltin-induced inhibition of human natural killer cells: effects of MEK inhibitors. J Appl Toxicol 29(2):165-173. DOI: 10.1002/jat.1397
Atanasov AG, Nashev LG, Tan S, Baker ME, Odermatt A. 2005. Organotins disrupt the 11[beta]-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2-dependent local inactivation of glucocorticoids. Environ Health Perspect 113(11):1600-1606. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8209
US FDA. 2011. List of Indirect Additives Used in Food Contact Substances. Link
Yamada S, Fuji Y, Mikami E, Kawamura N, Hayakawa J. 1993. Small-scale survey of organotin compounds in household commodities. J AOAC Int 76(2):436-441.
DATE ADDED: July 14, 2011 DATE UPDATED: August 12, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: TBT bromide
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Nakanishi T, Hiromori Y, Yokoyama H, Koyanagi M, Itoh N, Nishikawa J, Tanaka K. 2006. Organotin compounds enhance 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I activity in human choriocarcinoma JAr cells: potential promotion of 17beta-estradiol biosynthesis in human placenta. Biochem Pharmacol 71(9):1349-1357. DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.01.014.
USE REFERENCES
Abraha AB, Whalen MM. 2009. The role of p44/42 activation in tributyltin-induced inhibition of human natural killer cells: effects of MEK inhibitors. J Appl Toxicol 29(2):165-173. DOI: 10.1002/jat.1397
Atanasov AG, Nashev LG, Tan S, Baker ME, Odermatt A. 2005. Organotins disrupt the 11[beta]-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2-dependent local inactivation of glucocorticoids. Environ Health Perspect 113(11):1600-1606. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8209
Yamada S, Fuji Y, Mikami E, Kawamura N, Hayakawa J. 1993. Small-scale survey of organotin compounds in household commodities. J AOAC Int 76(2):436-441.
DATE ADDED: July 14, 2011 DATE UPDATED: July 14, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: TBT chloride, tributylchlorostannane
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Duft M, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Tillmann M, Markert B, Oehlmann J. 2003. Toxicity of triphenyltin and tributyltin to the freshwater mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum in a new sediment biotest. EnvironToxicol Chem 22(1):145-152. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620220119.
Ema M, Kurosaka R, Amano H, Ogawa Y. 1995. Further evaluation of the developmental toxicity of tributyltin chloride in rats. Toxicology 96(3):195-201. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(94)02920-P.
Kanayama T, Kobayashi N, Mamiya S, Nakanishi T, Nishikawa J. 2005. Organotin compounds promote adipocyte differentiation as agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [gamma]/retinoid X receptor pathway. Mol Pharmacol 67(3):766-774. DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.008409 .
Snoeij NJ, Penninks AH, Seinen W. 1988. Dibutyltin and tributyltin compounds induce thymus atrophy in rats due to a selective action on thymic lymphoblasts. Int J Immunopharmacol 10(7):891-899. DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(88)90014-8.
USE REFERENCES
eChemPortal. ESIS. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: TBT hydride, tri-n-butyltin hydride
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Yamabe Y, Hoshino A, Imura N, Suzuki T, Himeno S. 2000. Enhancement of androgen-dependent transcription and cell proliferation by tributyltin and triphenyltin in human prostate cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 169(2):177-184. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2000.9067.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. ChemIDPlus Lite. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 10, 2013
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: TBT oxide, TBTO, bis ( tributyltin ) oxide, bis ( tri-n-butyltin ) oxide
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Baken KA, Arkusz J, Pennings JL, Vandebriel RJ, van Loveren H. 2007. In vitro immunotoxicity of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) studied by toxicogenomics. Toxicology 237(1-3):35-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.04.018.
Crofton KM, Dean KF, Boncek VM, Rosen MB, Sheets LP, Chernoff N, Reiter LW. 1989. Prenatal or postnatal exposure to bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide in the rat: postnatal evaluation of teratology and behavior. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 97(1):113-123. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(89)90060-4 Get .
Wester PW, Krajnc EI, van Leeuwen FX, Loeber JG, van der Heijden CA, Vaessen HA, Helleman PW. 1990. Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) in the rat. Food Chem Toxicol 28(3):179-196. DOI: 10.1016/0278-6915(90)90006-9.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Nicolau GY. 1983. Circadian rhythms of RNA, DNA and protein in the rat thyroid, adrenal and testis in chronic pesticide exposure III. Effects of the insecticides (dichlorvos and trichlorphon). Rev. Roum. Morphology Embryology & Physiology 20(2):93-101. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: TCAA
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Cosby NC, Dukelow WR. 1992. Toxicology of maternally ingested trichloroethylene (TCE) on embryonal and fetal development in mice and of TCE metabolites on in vitro fertilization. Fundam Appl Toxicol 19(2):268-274. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90160-J.
Van den Berg KJ, van Raaij JAGM, Bragt PC, Notten WRF. 1991. Interactions of halogenated industrial chemicals with transthyretin and effects on thyroid hormone levels in vivo. Arch Toxicol 65(1):15-19. DOI: 10.1007/BF01973497.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: TCOH
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Cosby NC, Dukelow WR. 1992. Toxicology of maternally ingested trichloroethylene (TCE) on embryonal and fetal development in mice and of TCE metabolites on in vitro fertilization. Fundam Appl Toxicol 19(2):268-274. DOI: 10.1016/0272-0590(92)90160-J.
USE REFERENCES
LookChem Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: trichloroethene, 1 , 1 , 2-trichloroethene
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Chia, S.E., Goh, V.H.H. and Ong, C.N., 1997. Endocrine profiles of male workers with exposure to trichloroethylene. American journal of industrial medicine, 32(3), pp.217-222. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199709)32:3<217::AID-AJIM6>3.0.CO;2-U .
Kumar, P., Prasad, A.K. and Dutta, K.K., 2000. Steroidogenic alterations in testes and sera of rats exposed to trichioroethylene (TCE) by inhalation. Human & experimental toxicology, 19(2), pp.117-121. DOI: 10.1191/096032700678815657.
USE REFERENCES
Groh, K.J., Backhaus, T., Carney-Almroth, B., Geueke, B., Inostroza, P.A., Lennquist, A., Maffini, M., Leslie, H.A., Slunge, D., Trasande, L. and Warhurst, M., 2018. Chemicals associated with plastic packaging: Inventory and hazards. PeerJ Preprints, 6, p.e27036v1. DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27036v1
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 26, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: TCC, 3 , 4 , 4'-trichlorocarbanilide, N- ( chloro ) -N'- ( 3 , 4-dichloro ) -phenylurea ( CDCPU )
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Household product ingredient, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Ahn KC, Zhao B, Chen J, Cherednichenko G, Sanmarti E, Denison MS, Lasley B, Pessah IN, Kultz D, Chang DPY, Gee SJ, Hammock BD. 2008. In vitro biologic activities of the antimicrobials triclocarban, its analogs, and triclosan in bioassay screens: Receptor-based bioassay screens. Environ Health Perspect 116(9):1203-1210. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11200.
Chen J, Ahn KC, Gee NA, Mohamed MI, Duleba AJ, Zhao L, Gee SJ, Hammock BD, Lasley BL. 2007. Triclocarban enhances testosterone action: A new type of endocrine disruptor? Endocrinology 149(3):1173-1179. DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1057.
Chung E, Genco MC, Megrelis L, Ruderman JV. 2011. Effects of bisphenol A and triclocarban on brain-specific expression of aromatase in early zebrafish embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(43):17732-17737. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1115187108.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: TCS, 2'-hydroxy-2 , 4 , 4'-trichlorodiphenyl ether, 2'-OH-PCDE-28, 2 , 4 , 4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether, Irgasan
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Ahn KC, Zhao B, Chen J, Cherednichenko G, Sanmarti E, Denison MS, Lasley B, Pessah IN, Kultz D, Chang DPY, Gee SJ, Hammock BD. 2008. In vitro biologic activities of the antimicrobials triclocarban, its analogs, and triclosan in bioassay screens: Receptor-based bioassay screens. Environ Health Perspect 116(9):1203-1210. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11200.
Zorrilla LM, Gibson EK, Jeffay SC, Crofton KM, Setzer WR, Cooper RL, Stoker TE. 2009. The effects of triclosan on puberty and thyroid hormones in male Wistar rats. Toxicol Sci 107(1):56-64. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn225.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. 2008. Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Triclosan. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 17, 2013
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Sanderson JT, Boerma J, Lansbergen GW, van den Berg M. 2002. Induction and inhibition of aromatase (CYP19) activity by various classes of pesticides in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 182(1):44-54. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9420.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: trolamine, 2 , 2' , 2''-nitrilotriethanol, biafine, TEA
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Flame retardant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
NTP. 1999. NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Triethanolamine (CAS No. 102-71-6) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Dermal Studies). Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser 449:1-298. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Chemical and Product Categories (CPCAT) Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: 1 , 2-bis ( 2-hydroxyethoxy ) ethane, 2 , 2'- ( 1 , 2-ethanediylbis ( oxy ) ) bisethanol, 2 , 2'-ethylenedioxybis ( ethanol ) ,
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kassotis CD, Klemp KC, Vu DC, Lin CH, Meng CX, Besch-Williford CL, Pinatti L, Zoeller RT, Drobnis EZ, Balise VD, and Isiguzo CJ, 2015. Endocrine-disrupting activity of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and adverse health outcomes after prenatal exposure in male mice. Endocrinology, 156(12), pp.4458-4473. DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1375.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Katsura E, Takeuchi S, Niiyama K, Kobayashi K. 2004. Screening for estrogen and androgen receptor activities in 200 pesticides by in vitro reporter gene assays using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environ Health Perspect 112(5):524-531. Link.
Li X, Pham HT, Janesick AS, Blumberg B. 2012. Triflumizole is an obesogen in mice that acts through peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Environ Health Perspect 120(12):1720-1726. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205383.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US EPA. 2007 Aug. Triflumizole Summary Document including Preliminary Work Plan Document. docket ID: EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0115. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Couch JA. 1984. Histopathology and enlargement of the pituitary of a teleost exposed to the herbicide trifluralin. Journal of Fish Diseases 7(2):157-163. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1984.tb00918.x.
Hurley PM, Hill RN, Whiting RJ. 1998. Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents [review]. Environ Health Perspect 106(8):437-445. DOI: 10.2307/3434175 .
Orton F, Lutz I, Kloas W, Routledge EJ. 2009. Endocrine disrupting effects of herbicides and pentachlorophenol: in vitro and in vivo evidence. Environ Sci Technol 43(6):2144-2150. DOI: 10.1021/es8028928.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Gaido KW, Maness SC, McDonnell DP, Dehal SS, Kupfer D, Safe S. 2000. Interaction of methoxychlor and related compounds with estrogen receptor [alpha] and [beta], and androgen receptor: structure-activity studies. Mol Pharmacol 58(4):852-858. DOI: 10.1124/mol.58.4.852 .
USE REFERENCES
Kupfer D, Bulger WH, Theoharides AD. 1990. Metabolism of methoxychlor by hepatic P-450 monooxygenases in rat and human. 1. Characterization of a novel catechol metabolite. Chem Res Toxicol 3(1):8-16. DOI: 10.1021/tx00013a002
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Gaido KW, Maness SC, McDonnell DP, Dehal SS, Kupfer D, Safe S. 2000. Interaction of methoxychlor and related compounds with estrogen receptor [alpha] and [beta], and androgen receptor: structure-activity studies. Mol Pharmacol 58(4):852-858. DOI: 10.1124/mol.58.4.852 .
USE REFERENCES
Gaido KW, Maness SC, McDonnell DP, Dehal SS, Kupfer D, Safe S. 2000. Interaction of methoxychlor and related compounds with estrogen receptor [alpha] and [beta], and androgen receptor: structure-activity studies. Mol Pharmacol 58(4):852-858. DOI: 10.1124/mol.58.4.852
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: TNT, 2 , 4 , 6-trinitrotoluene
CATEGORY OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Levine BS, Furedi EM, Gordon DE, Lish PM, Barkley JJ. 1984. Subchronic toxicity of trinitrotoluene in Fischer 344 rats. Toxicology 32(3):253-265. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(84)90078-7.
Li Y, Jiang Q-G, Yao S-Q, Liu W, Tian G-J, Cui J-W. 1993. Effects of exposure to trinitrotoluene on male reproduction. Biomedical & Environmental Sciences 6(2):154-160. Link.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: TPP, Phosphoric acid , triphenyl ester
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Industrial additive, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Takeuchi S, Itoh T, Iida M, Kobayashi S, Yoshida T. 2013. In vitro endocrine disruption potential of organophosphate flame retardants via human nuclear receptors. Toxicology 314(1):76-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.09.004.
Liu X, Ji K, Jo A, Moon HB, Choi K. 2013. Effects of TDCPP or TPP on gene transcriptions and hormones of HPG axis, and their consequences on reproduction in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Aquat Toxicol 134-135:104-111. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.03.013.
Morisseau C, Merzlikin O, Lin A, He G, Feng W, Padilla I, Denison MS, Pessah IN, Hammock BD. 2009. Toxicology in the fast lane: application of high-throughput bioassays to detect modulation of key enzymes and receptors. Environ Health Perspect 117(12):1867-1872. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0900834.
USE REFERENCES
Orem WH, Tatu CA, Lerch HE, Rice CA, Bartos TT, Bates AL, Tewalt S, Corum MD. 2007. Organic compounds in produced waters from coalbed natural gas wells in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming, USA. Appl Geochem 22(10):2240-2256. DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.010
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: TPT, fentin
CATEGORIES OF USE: Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Atanasov AG, Nashev LG, Tan S, Baker ME, Odermatt A. 2005. Organotins disrupt the 11[beta]-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2-dependent local inactivation of glucocorticoids. Environ Health Perspect 113(11):1600-1606. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8209.
Yamabe Y, Hoshino A, Imura N, Suzuki T, Himeno S. 2000. Enhancement of androgen-dependent transcription and cell proliferation by tributyltin and triphenyltin in human prostate cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 169(2):177-184. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2000.9067.
USE REFERENCES
Atanasov AG, Nashev LG, Tan S, Baker ME, Odermatt A. 2005. Organotins disrupt the 11[beta]-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2-dependent local inactivation of glucocorticoids. Environ Health Perspect 113(11):1600-1606. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8209
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: TPT acetate, fentin acetate
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Snow RL, Hays RL. 1983. Phasic distribution of seminiferous tubules in rats treated with triphenyltin compounds. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 31(6):658-665. DOI: 10.1007/BF01606042.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: June 16, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 23, 2013
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: TPT chloride, fentin chloride, chlorotriphenyltin, triphenylchlorotin, chlorotriphenylstannane
CATEGORIES OF USE: Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Duft M, Schulte-Oehlmann U, Tillmann M, Markert B, Oehlmann J. 2003. Toxicity of triphenyltin and tributyltin to the freshwater mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum in a new sediment biotest. EnvironToxicol Chem 22(1):145-152. DOI: 10.1002/etc.5620220119.
Ema M, Miyawaki E, Harazono A, Ogawa Y. 1997. Effects of triphenyltin chloride on implantation and pregnancy in rats. Reprod Toxicol 11(2-3):201-206. DOI: 10.1016/S0890-6238(97)00007-5.
Kanayama T, Kobayashi N, Mamiya S, Nakanishi T, Nishikawa J. 2005. Organotin compounds promote adipocyte differentiation as agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor [gamma]/retinoid X receptor pathway. Mol Pharmacol 67(3):766-774. DOI: 10.1124/mol.104.008409 .
Schulte-Oehlmann U, Tillmann M, Markert B, Oehlmann J, Watermann B, Scherf S. 2000. Effects of endocrine disruptors on prosobranch snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the laboratory. Part II: triphenyltin as a xeno-androgen. Ecotoxicology 9(6):399-412. DOI: 10.1023/A:1008924602089.
Snow RL, Hays RL. 1983. Phasic distribution of seminiferous tubules in rats treated with triphenyltin compounds. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 31(6):658-665. DOI: 10.1007/BF01606042.
Yanik, S.C., Baker, A.H., Mann, K.K. and Schlezinger, J.J., 2011. Organotins are potent activators of PPARγ and adipocyte differentiation in bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Toxicological Sciences, 122(2), pp.476-488. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr140.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 24, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAME: TDCPP
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Industrial additive, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Takeuchi S, Itoh T, Iida M, Kobayashi S, Yoshida T. 2013. In vitro endocrine disruption potential of organophosphate flame retardants via human nuclear receptors. Toxicology 314(1):76-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.09.004.
Liu X, Ji K, Jo A, Moon HB, Choi K. 2013. Effects of TDCPP or TPP on gene transcriptions and hormones of HPG axis, and their consequences on reproduction in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Aquat Toxicol 134-135:104-111. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.03.013.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: November 2, 2015 DATE UPDATED: November 2, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: TBEP
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Takeuchi S, Itoh T, Iida M, Kobayashi S, Yoshida T. 2013. In vitro endocrine disruption potential of organophosphate flame retardants via human nuclear receptors. Toxicology 314(1):76-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.09.004.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: November 2, 2015 DATE UPDATED: November 2, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: TCPP, tri- ( 2-chloroisopropyl ) phosphate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Flame retardant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Takeuchi S, Itoh T, Iida M, Kobayashi S, Yoshida T. 2013. In vitro endocrine disruption potential of organophosphate flame retardants via human nuclear receptors. Toxicology 314(1):76-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.09.004.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: November 2, 2015 DATE UPDATED: November 2, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: trichloro ethyl phosphate, Phosphoric acid , trichloroethyl, Tris ( 2-chloroethyl ) phosphate, tris ( beta-chlroethyl ) phosphate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Chen, G., Zhang, S., Jin, Y., Wu, Y., Liu, L., Qian, H. and Fu, Z., 2015. TPP and TCEP induce oxidative stress and alter steroidogenesis in TM3 Leydig cells. Reproductive Toxicology, 57, pp.100-110. DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.05.011.
Hoffman, K., Lorenzo, A., Butt, C.M., Hammel, S.C., Henderson, B.B., Roman, S.A., Scheri, R.P., Stapleton, H.M. and Sosa, J.A., 2017. Exposure to flame retardant chemicals and occurrence and severity of papillary thyroid cancer: A case-control study. Environment international, 107, pp.235-242. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.06.021.
Matthews, H.B., Eustis, S.L. and Haseman, J., 1993. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of chronic exposure to tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate. Fundamental and applied Toxicology, 20(4), pp.477-485. DOI: 10.1006/faat.1993.1058.
Wu, Y., Su, G., Tang, S., Liu, W., Ma, Z., Zheng, X., Liu, H. and Yu, H., 2017. The combination of in silico and in vivo approaches for the investigation of disrupting effects of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) toward core receptors of zebrafish. Chemosphere, 168, pp.122-130. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.038.
USE REFERENCES
Groh, K.J., Backhaus, T., Carney-Almroth, B., Geueke, B., Inostroza, P.A., Lennquist, A., Maffini, M., Leslie, H.A., Slunge, D., Trasande, L. and Warhurst, M., 2018. Chemicals associated with plastic packaging: Inventory and hazards. PeerJ Preprints, 6, p.e27036v1. DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27036v1
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 26, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: TEHP, trioctyl phosphate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Flame retardant, Industrial additive, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Kojima H, Takeuchi S, Itoh T, Iida M, Kobayashi S, Yoshida T. 2013. In vitro endocrine disruption potential of organophosphate flame retardants via human nuclear receptors. Toxicology 314(1):76-83. DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.09.004.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: November 2, 2015 DATE UPDATED: November 2, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: Totm, TEHTM
CATEGORY OF USE: Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
ter Veld MGR, Schouten B, Louisse J, Van Es DS, Van Der Saag PT, Rietjens IMCM, Murk AJ. 2006. Estrogenic potency of food-packaging-associated plasticizers and antioxidants as detected in ERalpha and ERbeta reporter gene cell lines. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry 54(12):4407-4416. DOI: 10.1021/jf052864f.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 30, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: tris-4- ( chlorophenyl ) methane, Tris-H, TCPM-H
CATEGORY OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lascombe I, Beffa D, Ruegg U, Tarradellas J, Wahli W. 2000. Estrogenic activity assessment of environmental chemicals using in vitro assays: Identification of two new estrogenic compounds. Environ Health Perspect 108(7):621-629. DOI: 10.2307/3434882 .
USE REFERENCES
Lascombe I, Beffa D, Ruegg U, Tarradellas J, Wahli W. 2000. Estrogenic activity assessment of environmental chemicals using in vitro assays: Identification of two new estrogenic compounds. Environ Health Perspect 108(7):621-629. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.00108621
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: tris-4- ( chlorophenyl ) methanol, Tris-OH, TCPM-OH
CATEGORY OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Körner W, Vinggaard AM, Térouanne B, Ma R, Wieloch C, Schlumpf M, Sultan C, Soto AM. 2004. Interlaboratory comparison of four in vitro assays for assessing androgenic and antiandrogenic activity of environmental chemicals. Environ Health Perspect 112(6):695-702. Link.
Lascombe I, Beffa D, Ruegg U, Tarradellas J, Wahli W. 2000. Estrogenic activity assessment of environmental chemicals using in vitro assays: Identification of two new estrogenic compounds. Environ Health Perspect 108(7):621-629. DOI: 10.2307/3434882 .
Poon R, Lecavalier P, Bergman A, Yagminas A, Chu I, Valli VE. 1997. Effects of tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol on the rat following short-term oral exposure. Chemosphere 34(1):1-12. DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(96)00363-3.
USE REFERENCES
Lascombe I, Beffa D, Ruegg U, Tarradellas J, Wahli W. 2000. Estrogenic activity assessment of environmental chemicals using in vitro assays: Identification of two new estrogenic compounds. Environ Health Perspect 108(7):621-629. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.00108621
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 17, 2013
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: tri ( mixed mono and di-nonylphenyl ) phosphite, tris ( p-nonylphenyl ) -phosphite, tris ( mono-nonylphenyl ) phosphite, tri-nonylphenyl phosphite, TNPP ( tris ( nonylphenyl ) phosphite )
CATEGORIES OF USE: Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Ogawa Y, Kawamura Y, Wakui C, Mutsuga M, Nishimura T, Tanamoto K. 2006. Estrogenic activities of chemicals related to food contact plastics and rubbers tested by the yeast two-hybrid assay. Food Additives & Contaminants 23(4):422-430. DOI: 10.1080/02652030500482371.
USE REFERENCES
Groh, K.J., Backhaus, T., Carney-Almroth, B., Geueke, B., Inostroza, P.A., Lennquist, A., Maffini, M., Leslie, H.A., Slunge, D., Trasande, L. and Warhurst, M., 2018. Chemicals associated with plastic packaging: Inventory and hazards. PeerJ Preprints, 6, p.e27036v1. DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27036v1
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 26, 2018
CATEGORY OF USE: Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Raymond-Whish S, Mayer LP, O'Neal T, Martinez A, Sellers MA, Christian PJ, Marion SL, Begay C, Propper CR, Hoyer PB, Dyer CA. 2007. Drinking water with uranium below the U.S. EPA water standard causes estrogen receptor-dependent responses in female mice. Environ Health Perspect 115(12):1711-1716. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9910.
USE REFERENCES
Raymond-Whish S, Mayer LP, O'Neal T, Martinez A, Sellers MA, Christian PJ, Marion SL, Begay C, Propper CR, Hoyer PB and Dyer CA. 2007. Drinking water with uranium below the U.S. EPA water standard causes estrogen receptor-dependent responses in female mice. Environ Health Perspect 115(12):1711-1716. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9910
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Anway MD, Cupp AS, Uzumcu M, Skinner MK. 2005. Epigenetic transgenerational actions of endocrine disruptors and male fertility. Science 308(5727):1466-1469. DOI: 10.1126/science.1108190.
Gray LE Jr., Ostby JS, Kelce WR. 1994. Developmental effects of an environmental antiandrogen - The fungicide vinclozolin alters sex differentiation of the male rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 129(1):46-52. DOI: 10.1006/taap.1994.1227.
Kelce WR, Lambright LR, Gray LE, Roberts KP. 1997. Vinclozolin and p,p'-DDE alter androgen-dependent gene expression: In vivo confirmation of an androgen receptor-mediated mechanism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 142(1):192-200. DOI: 10.1006/taap.1996.7966.
Sanderson JT, Boerma J, Lansbergen GW, van den Berg M. 2002. Induction and inhibition of aromatase (CYP19) activity by various classes of pesticides in H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 182(1):44-54. DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9420.
Scippo ML, Argiris C, Van De Weerdt C, Muller M, Willemsen P, Martial J, Maghuin-Rogister G. 2004. Recombinant human estrogen, androgen and progesterone receptors for detection of potential endocrine disruptors. Anal Bioanal Chem 378(3):664-669. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-003-2251-0.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 2- ( ( ( 3 , 5-dichlorophenyl ) carbamoyl ) oxy ) -2-methyl-3-butenoic acid
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Laws SC, Carey SA, Kelce WR, Cooper RL, Gray LE. 1996. Vinclozolin does not alter progesterone receptor (PR) function in vivo despite inhibition of PR binding by its metabolites in vitro. Toxicology 112(3):173-182. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(96)03354-9.
Wong CI, Kelce WR, Sar M, Wilson EM. 1995. Androgen receptor antagonist versus agonist activities of the fungicide vinclozolin relative to hydroxyflutamide. J Biol Chem 270(34):19998-20003. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.34.19998 .
USE REFERENCES
Wong CI, Kelce WR, Sar M, Wilson EM. 1995. Androgen receptor antagonist versus agonist activities of the fungicide vinclozolin relative to hydroxyflutamide. J Biol Chem 270(34):19998-20003. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.34.19998
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: 3' , 5'-dichloro-2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-enanilide
CATEGORY OF USE: Metabolite/Degradate
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Laws SC, Carey SA, Kelce WR, Cooper RL, Gray LE. 1996. Vinclozolin does not alter progesterone receptor (PR) function in vivo despite inhibition of PR binding by its metabolites in vitro. Toxicology 112(3):173-182. DOI: 10.1016/0300-483X(96)03354-9.
Wong CI, Kelce WR, Sar M, Wilson EM. 1995. Androgen receptor antagonist versus agonist activities of the fungicide vinclozolin relative to hydroxyflutamide. J Biol Chem 270(34):19998-20003. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.34.19998 .
USE REFERENCES
Wong CI, Kelce WR, Sar M, Wilson EM. 1995. Androgen receptor antagonist versus agonist activities of the fungicide vinclozolin relative to hydroxyflutamide. J Biol Chem 270(34):19998-20003. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.34.19998
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAME: acetic acid ethenyl ester
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Lijinsky W, Reuber MD. 1983. Chronic toxicity studies of vinyl acetate in Fischer rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 68(1):43-53. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(83)90353-8 Get .
USE REFERENCES
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Biogenic compound, Medical/Veterinary/Research
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Coldham NG, Sauer MJ. 2001. Identification, quantitation and biological activity of phytoestrogens in a dietary supplement for breast enhancement. Food & Chemical Toxicology 39(12):1211-1224. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(01)00081-3.
USE REFERENCES
Coldham NG, Sauer MJ. 2001. Identification, quantitation and biological activity of phytoestrogens in a dietary supplement for breast enhancement. Food Chem Toxicol 39(12):1211-1224. DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(01)00081-3
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: xylenes, dimethylbenzene
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Brown-Woodman PD, Webster WS, Picker K, Huq F. 1994. In vitro assessment of individual and interactive effects of aromatic hydrocarbons on embryonic development of the rat. Reprod Toxicol 8(2):121-135. DOI: 10.1016/0890-6238(94)90019-1.
Hass U, Lund SP, Simonsen L, Fries AS. 1995. Effects of prenatal exposure to xylene on postnatal development and behavior in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 17(3):341-349. DOI: 10.1016/0892-0362(94)00093-S.
Kassotis CD, Klemp KC, Vu DC, Lin CH, Meng CX, Besch-Williford CL, Pinatti L, Zoeller RT, Drobnis EZ, Balise VD, et al. 2015 in press. Endocrine-disrupting activity of hydraulic fracturing chemicals and adverse health outcomes after prenatal exposure in male mice. Endocrinology:en20151375. DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1375.
USE REFERENCES
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US EPA. InertFinder. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Ziemkiewicz PF, Quaranta JD, Darnell A, Wise R. 2014. Exposure pathways related to shale gas development and procedures for reducing environmental and public risk. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 16(0):77-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.jngse.2013.11.003
Ziemkiewicz PF, Thomas He Y. 2015. Evolution of water chemistry during Marcellus Shale gas development: A case study in West Virginia. Chemosphere 134:224-231. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.040
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Household product ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Bazin, I., Hassine, A.I.H., Hamouda, Y.H., Mnif, W., Bartegi, A., Lopez-Ferber, M., De Waard, M. and Gonzalez, C., 2012. Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity of 23 commercial textile dyes. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 85, pp.131-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.003.
USE REFERENCES
Bazin, I., Hassine, A.I.H., Hamouda, Y.H., Mnif, W., Bartegi, A., Lopez-Ferber, M., De Waard, M. and Gonzalez, C., 2012. Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activity of 23 commercial textile dyes. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 85, pp.131-136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.003
DATE ADDED: June 20, 2018
CATEGORY OF USE: Biogenic compound
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fang H, Tong WD, Branham WS, Moland CL, Dial SL, Hong HX, Xie Q, Perkins R, Owens W, Sheehan DM. 2003. Study of 202 natural, synthetic, and environmental chemicals for binding to the androgen receptor. Chem Res Toxicol 16(10):1338-1358. DOI: 10.1021/tx030011g.
USE REFERENCES
Fang H, Tong WD, Branham WS, Moland CL, Dial SL, Hong HX, Xie Q, Perkins R, Owens W and Sheehan DM. 2003. Study of 202 natural, synthetic, and environmental chemicals for binding to the androgen receptor. Chemical Research in Toxicology 16(10): 1338-1358. DOI: 10.1021/tx030011g
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Biogenic compound
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fang H, Tong WD, Branham WS, Moland CL, Dial SL, Hong HX, Xie Q, Perkins R, Owens W, Sheehan DM. 2003. Study of 202 natural, synthetic, and environmental chemicals for binding to the androgen receptor. Chem Res Toxicol 16(10):1338-1358. DOI: 10.1021/tx030011g.
USE REFERENCES
Fang H, Tong WD, Branham WS, Moland CL, Dial SL, Hong HX, Xie Q, Perkins R, Owens W and Sheehan DM. 2003. Study of 202 natural, synthetic, and environmental chemicals for binding to the androgen receptor. Chemical Research in Toxicology 16(10): 1338-1358. DOI: 10.1021/tx030011g
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: January 20, 2017
CATEGORY OF USE: Biogenic compound
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Soto AM, Sonnenschein C, Chung KL, Fernandez MF, Olea N, Serrano FO. 1995. The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: An update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 103 (Suppl. 7):113-122. DOI: 10.2307/3432519 .
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: May 5, 2011
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Dickerson EH, Sathyapalan T, Knight R, Maguiness SM, Killick SR, Robinson J, Atkin SL. 2011. Endocrine disruptor & nutritional effects of heavy metals in ovarian hyperstimulation. J Assist Reprod Genet 28(12):1223-1228. DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9652-3.
Hafiez AA, el-Kirdassy ZH, Mansour MM, Sharada HM, el-Zayat EM. 1989. Role of zinc in regulating the testicular function. Part 1. Effect of dietary zinc deficiency on serum levels of gonadotropins, prolactin and testosterone in male albino rats. Nahrung 33(10):935-940 DOI: 10.1002/food.19890331007.
USE REFERENCES
The Endocrine Disruption Exchange. 2011. Multistate Report Spreadsheet. Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 22, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 22, 2017
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Pesticide ingredient
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Piao F, Yokoyama K, Ma N, Yamauchi T. 2003. Subacute toxic effects of zinc on various tissues and organs of rats. Toxicol Lett 145(1):28-35. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-4274(03)00261-3.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: March 19, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAME: zinc N , N-dibutylcarbamodithioate
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Industrial additive, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Gray, T.J.B., Butterworth, K.R., Gaunt, I.F., Grasso, P. and Gangolli, S.D., 1976. Short-term toxicity study of zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate in rats. Food and cosmetics toxicology, 16(3), pp.237-242. DOI: 10.1016/S0015-6264(76)80519-6.
USE REFERENCES
Groh, K.J., Backhaus, T., Carney-Almroth, B., Geueke, B., Inostroza, P.A., Lennquist, A., Maffini, M., Leslie, H.A., Slunge, D., Trasande, L. and Warhurst, M., 2018. Chemicals associated with plastic packaging: Inventory and hazards. PeerJ Preprints, 6, p.e27036v1. DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27036v1
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 26, 2018
CATEGORIES OF USE: Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Unconventional Oil and Gas
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Choe SY, Kim SJ, Kim HG, Lee JH, Choi Y, Lee H, Kim Y. 2003. Evaluation of estrogenicity of major heavy metals. Sci Total Environ 312(1-3):15-21. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00190-6.
Khan AT, Graham TC, Ogden L, Ali S, Salwa, Thompson SJ, Shireen KF, Mahboob M. 2007. A two-generational reproductive toxicity study of zinc in rats. J Environ Sci Health B 42(4):403-415. DOI: 10.1080/03601230701312795.
USE REFERENCES
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
Waxman HA, Markey EJ, and DeGette D. 2011. Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Minority Staff. Link
DATE ADDED: January 20, 2017 DATE UPDATED: March 20, 2017
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: zinc peroxide, zinc white, amalox, permanent white, chinese white
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Flame retardant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber, Solvent
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Du, J., Wang, S., You, H. and Liu, Z., 2016. Effects of ZnO nanoparticles on perfluorooctane sulfonate induced thyroid-disrupting on zebrafish larvae. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 47, pp.153-164. DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.01.018.
Talebi, A.R., Khorsandi, L. and Moridian, M., 2013. The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on mouse spermatogenesis. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics, 30(9), pp.1203-1209. DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0078-y.
USE REFERENCES
Groh, K.J., Backhaus, T., Carney-Almroth, B., Geueke, B., Inostroza, P.A., Lennquist, A., Maffini, M., Leslie, H.A., Slunge, D., Trasande, L. and Warhurst, M., 2018. Chemicals associated with plastic packaging: Inventory and hazards. PeerJ Preprints, 6, p.e27036v1. DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27036v1
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 26, 2018
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: zinc sulfate, zincate, white vitriol
CATEGORIES OF USE: Antimicrobial, Byproduct/Intermediate/Reactant, Food additives and contact material, Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Medical/Veterinary/Research, Metal/Metallurgy, Personal care product/Cosmetic ingredient, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fascineli, M.L., Sidney Hunter III, E. and De Grava Kempinas, W., 2002. Fetotoxicity caused by the interaction between zinc and arsenic in mice. Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis, 22(5), pp.315-327. DOI: 10.1002/tcm.10026 .
Lin, W.H., Lin, P.Y., Chen, M.D., Cheng, V., Tsou, C.T., Wang, Y.S. and Lin, E., 1987. Effects of zinc and thyroxine treatment on dietary-obese mice. Proceedings of the National Science Council, Republic of China. Part B, Life sciences, 11(4), pp.341-346. Link.
Pal, N. and Pal, B., 1987. Zinc feeding and conception in the rats. International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin-und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 57(4), pp.437-440. Link.
Stamatiadis, D., Bulteau‐Portois, M.C. and Mowszowicz, I., 1988. Inhibition of 5α‐reductase activity in human skin by zinc and azelaic acid. British Journal of Dermatology, 119(5), pp.627-632. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03474.x .
Yamaguchi, M. and Inamoto, K., 1986. Differential effects of calcium-regulating hormones on bone metabolism in weanling rats orally administered zinc sulfate. Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental, 35(11), pp.1044-1047. DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(86)90041-7.
USE REFERENCES
Groh, K.J., Backhaus, T., Carney-Almroth, B., Geueke, B., Inostroza, P.A., Lennquist, A., Maffini, M., Leslie, H.A., Slunge, D., Trasande, L. and Warhurst, M., 2018. Chemicals associated with plastic packaging: Inventory and hazards. PeerJ Preprints, 6, p.e27036v1. DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.27036v1
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank. Link
DATE ADDED: September 26, 2018
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Fujita K, Nagaoka M, Komatsu Y, Iwahashi H. 2003. Yeast pheromone signaling pathway as a bioassay to assess the effect of chemicals on mammalian peptide hormones. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 56(3):358-366. DOI: 10.1016/S0147-6513(02)00116-1.
Hong CC, Shimomura-Shimizu M, Muroi M, Tanamoto K. 2004. Effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals on lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide production by mouse macrophages. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 27(7):1136-1139. DOI: 10.1248/bpb.27.1136.
Laisi A, Tuominen R, Mannisto P, Savolainen K, Mattila J. 1985. The effect of maneb, zineb, and ethylenethiourea on the humoral activity of the pituitary-thyroid axis in rat. Archives of Toxicology Supplement 8:253-258. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-69928-3_37.
Marinovich M, Guizzetti M, Ghilardi F, Viviani B, Corsini E, Galli CL. 1997. Thyroid peroxidase as toxicity target for dithiocarbamates. Arch Toxicol 71(8):508-512. DOI: 10.1007/s002040050420.
Nebbia C, Dacasto M, Valenza F, Burdino E, Ugazio G, Fink-Gremmels J. 1995. Effects of the subchronic administration of zinc ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate (ZINEB) to rabbits. Veterinary & Human Toxicology 37(2):137-142. Link.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: April 27, 2015
ALTERNATIVE NAMES: zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, zinc bis ( dimethyldithiocarbamate )
CATEGORIES OF USE: Household product ingredient, Industrial additive, Pesticide ingredient, Plastic/Rubber
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR REFERENCES
Cilievici O, Craciun C, Ghidus E. 1983. Decreased fertility, increased dominant lethals, skeletal malformations induced in the mouse by ziram fungicide. Rev. Roum. Morphology Embryology & Physiology 29(3):159-165. Link.
Han MS, Shin KJ, Kim YH, Kim SH, Lee T, Kim E, Ryu SH, Suh PG. 2003. Thiram and ziram stimulate non-selective cation channel and induce apoptosis in PC12 cells. Neurotoxicology 24(3):425-434. DOI: 10.1016/S0161-813X(03)00013-5.
Marinovich M, Guizzetti M, Ghilardi F, Viviani B, Corsini E, Galli CL. 1997. Thyroid peroxidase as toxicity target for dithiocarbamates. Arch Toxicol 71(8):508-512. DOI: 10.1007/s002040050420.
Ohnishi T, Yoshida T, Igarashi A, Muroi M, Tanamoto KI. 2008. Effects of possible endocrine disruptors on MyD88-independent TLR4 signaling. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 52(2):293-295. DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2007.00355.x.
Serio R, Long RA, Taylor JE, Tolman RL, Weppelman RM, Olson G. 1984. The antifertility and antiadrenergic actions of thiocarbamate fungicides in laying hens. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 72(2):333-342. DOI: 10.1016/0041-008X(84)90318-1.
Thangavel P, Ramaswamy M, Sumathiral K, Amutha K. 2005. Individual and combined effects of dimecron-ziram on the levels of serum prolactin and selected minerals of an edible freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters). Pestic Biochem Physiol 81(1):24-31. DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2004.08.002.
USE REFERENCES
Compendium of Pesticide Common Names (CPCN). Link
US Dept of Health & Human Services. Household Products Database. Link
US National Library of Medicine. Haz-Map. Link
DATE ADDED: May 5, 2011 DATE UPDATED: September 18, 2017