The weeks shown in color represent the start and end points of chemical exposure for each study.
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased turning latency in males and females at 8 to 12 days of age; increased avoidance latency in males at 31 through 44 days of age; decreased spontaneous activity during the inter-trial interval in males at 31 through 44 days of age |
Subjects: Wistar rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.1 μg/kg bw Other doses tested: additional doses given daily for 10 days Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 9 – gestational day 19 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to beyond birth) Age of measurement: gestational day 19 through 44 days of age |
Reference Nishijo M, Kuriwaki JI, Hori E, Tawara K, Nakagawa H, Nishijo H. 2007. Effects of maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on fetal brain growth and motor and behavioral development in offspring rats. Toxicol Lett 173(1):41-47. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased whole brain weight and ratio of cerebral cortex to whole brain at gestational day 19; increased ratio of brain weight to body weight and ratio of forebrain without cerebral cortex to whole brain weight at gestational day 19 |
Subjects: Wistar rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.1 μg/kg bw Other doses tested: additional doses given daily for 10 days Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 9 – gestational day 19 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to beyond birth) Age of measurement: gestational day 19 through 44 days of age |
Reference Nishijo M, Kuriwaki JI, Hori E, Tawara K, Nakagawa H, Nishijo H. 2007. Effects of maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on fetal brain growth and motor and behavioral development in offspring rats. Toxicol Lett 173(1):41-47. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased errors in the radial arm maze |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.25 or 1.0 μg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 10 – gestational day 16 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to beyond birth) Age of measurement: in adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Schantz SL, Seo BW, Moshtaghian J, Peterson RE, Moore RW. 1996. Effects of gestational and lactational exposure to TCDD or coplanar PCBs on spatial learning. Neurotoxicology & Teratology 18(3):305-313. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased errors in the radial arm maze in males but not females; increased trials to reach criterion on the first and second reversals in the visual discrimination reversal learning task |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.1 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 10 – gestational day 16 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to beyond birth) Age of measurement: birth through 80 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Seo BW, Sparks AJ, Medora K, Amin S, Schantz SL. 1999. Learning and memory in rats gestationally and lactationally exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Neurotoxicology & Teratology 21(3):231-239. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased saccharin consumption and preference (sexually dimorphic behaviors) in females |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.025 or 0.10 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 10 – gestational day 16 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to beyond birth) Age of measurement: birth through adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Amin S, Moore RW, Peterson RE, Schantz SL. 2000. Gestational and lactational exposure to TCDD or coplanar PCBs alters adult expression of saccharin preference behavior in female rats. Neurotoxicology & Teratology 22(5):675-682. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased errors in the eight-arm radial arm maze among males at 0.1 μg/kg |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.1 or 0.2 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 10 – gestational day 16 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to beyond birth) Age of measurement: birth through young adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Seo BW, Powers BE, Widholm JJ, Schantz SL. 2000. Radial arm maze performance in rats following gestational and lactational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Neurotoxicology & Teratology 22(4):511-519. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Decreased number of errors to criterion on visual reversal learning (RL) task for females at reversal number 2; increased number of trials in chance phase for females at reversal number 3 |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 0.1 μg/kg bw on gestational days 10 through 16 Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered through gavage Exposure duration: gestational day 10 – last dose on gestational day 16 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to beyond birth) Age of measurement: birth through 220 days |
Reference [PubMed Link] Widholm JJ, Seo BW, Strupp BJ, Seegald RF, Schantz SL. 2003. Effects of perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on spatial and visual reversal learning in rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 25(4):459-471. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for Dioxin (TCDD)Increased percentage of eyes opened at 11 through 15 days of age |
Subjects: Line C (highly sensitive to TCDD) rats Chemical: Dioxin (TCDD) Low doses tested: 1.0 μg/kg bw Route of administration: dissolved in corn oil and delivered orally Exposure duration: gestational day 11 – single dose (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to day 1 of week 4) Age of measurement: 40 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Miettinen HM, Alaluusua S, Tuomisto J, Viluksela M. 2002. Effect of in utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure on rat molar development: The role of exposure time. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 184(1):57-66. |