The weeks shown in color represent the start and end points of chemical exposure for each study.
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for ChlorpyrifosDecreased 5HT receptor (type 2) and 5 HTT binding in the whole brain at 1 mg/kg; decreased 5HT receptor (type 2) binding in the whole brain at 2 mg/kg; decreased 5HT receptor (type 1A and type 2) and 5 HTT binding in the whole brain at 5 mg/kg |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Chlorpyrifos Low doses tested: 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in DMSO and injected subcutaneously Exposure duration: gestational day 9 – gestational day 12 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to day 1 of week 5) Age of measurement: gestational day 17 and 21 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Aldridge JE, Seidler FJ, Meyer A, Thillai I, Slotkin TA. 2003. Serotonergic systems targeted by developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos: Effects during different critical periods. Environ Health Perspect 111(14):1736-1743. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for ChlorpyrifosIncreased 5HT receptor (type 1A) binding in the brainstem at 1 and 2 mg/kg; increased 5HTT (serotonin transporter), 5HT (type 1A) and 5HT (type2) binding in the brainstem at 5 mg/kg |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Chlorpyrifos Low doses tested: 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in DMSO and injected subcutaneously Exposure duration: gestational day 9 – gestational day 12 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to day 1 of week 5) Age of measurement: gestational day 17 and 21 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Aldridge JE, Seidler FJ, Meyer A, Thillai I, Slotkin TA. 2003. Serotonergic systems targeted by developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos: Effects during different critical periods. Environ Health Perspect 111(14):1736-1743. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for ChlorpyrifosIncreased 5HTT (serotonin transporter), 5HT (type 1A) and 5HT (type2) binding over all brain regions studied at 1 and 5 mg/kg |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Chlorpyrifos Low doses tested: 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in DMSO and injected subcutaneously Exposure duration: gestational day 9 – gestational day 12 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to day 1 of week 5) Age of measurement: 60 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Aldridge JE, Seidler FJ, Slotkin TA. 2004. Developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos elicits sex-selective alterations of serotonergic synaptic function in adulthood: Critical periods and regional selectivity for effects on the serotonin transporter, receptor subtypes, and cell signaling. Environ Health Perspect 112(2):148-155. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for ChlorpyrifosIn adolescence: decreased latency during the first trial of a spontaneous alternation test; increased locomotor activity at 1 mg/kg and decreased locomotor activity at 5 mg/kg during late trials of a figure-8 maze test; increased rate of habituation to a figure-8 maze test at 5 mg/kg. In adulthood: increased working and reference memory errors during the early training sessions of a 16-arm radial-maze at 5 mg/kg ; decreased amnesic effects of scopolamine (a cholinergic antagonist) at 5 mg/kg; increased levels of locomotor activity in the elevated plus maze |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Chlorpyrifos Low doses tested: 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in DMSO and injected subcutaneously Exposure duration: gestational day 9 – gestational day 12 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to day 1 of week 5) Age of measurement: from adolescence through adulthood |
Reference [PubMed Link] Icenogle LM, Christopher NC, Blackwelder WP, Caldwell DP, Qiao D, Seidler FJ, Slotkin TA, Levin ED. 2004. Behavioral alterations in adolescent and adult rats caused by a brief subtoxic exposure to chlorpyrifos during neurulation. Neurotoxicology & Teratology 26(1):95-101. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for ChlorpyrifosIncreased activity of adelylyl cyclase in response to isproterenol, forskolin and Mn2+ in the cortex and striatum at 5 mg/kg |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Chlorpyrifos Low doses tested: 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in DMSO and injected subcutaneously Exposure duration: gestational day 9 – gestational day 12 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to day 1 of week 5) Age of measurement: 60 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Meyer A, Seidler FJ, Aldridge JE, Tate CA, Cousins MM, Slotkin TA. 2004. Critical periods for chlorpyrifos-induced developmental neurotoxicity: alterations in adenylyl cyclase signaling in adult rat brain regions after gestational or neonatal exposure. Environ Health Perspect 112(3):295-301. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for ChlorpyrifosIncreased activity of adelylyl cyclase in response to isproterenol, forskolin and Mn2+ in the brainstem and cerebellum at 5 mg/kg |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Chlorpyrifos Low doses tested: 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in DMSO and injected subcutaneously Exposure duration: gestational day 9 – gestational day 12 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to day 1 of week 5) Age of measurement: 60 days of age |
Reference [PubMed Link] Meyer A, Seidler FJ, Aldridge JE, Tate CA, Cousins MM, Slotkin TA. 2004. Critical periods for chlorpyrifos-induced developmental neurotoxicity: alterations in adenylyl cyclase signaling in adult rat brain regions after gestational or neonatal exposure. Environ Health Perspect 112(3):295-301. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for ChlorpyrifosIncreased beta-adrenergic receptor binding in the forebrain at gestational day 21 at 2 and 5 mg/kg |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Chlorpyrifos Low doses tested: 1.0, 2.0 or 5.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in DMSO and injected subcutaneously Exposure duration: gestational day 9 – gestational day 11 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to day 1 of week 5) Age of measurement: gestational day 17 and 21 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Meyer A, Seidler FJ, Cousins MM, Slotkin TA. 2003. Developmental neurotoxicity elicited by gestational exposure to chlorpyrifos: When is adenylyl cyclase a target? Environ Health Perspect 111(16):1871-1876. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for ChlorpyrifosDecreased protein/DNA ratio in the brainstem at 2 mg/kg |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Chlorpyrifos Low doses tested: 1.0, 2.0 or 5.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in DMSO and injected subcutaneously Exposure duration: gestational day 9 – gestational day 12 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to day 1 of week 5) Age of measurement: gestational days 17 and 21 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Qiao D, Seidler FJ, Padilla S, Slotkin TA. 2002. Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos: What is the vulnerable period? Environ Health Perspect 110(11):1097-1103. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for ChlorpyrifosDecreased m2ACh receptor binding across all regions on post-natal day 60; decreased DNA concentration in the cerebral cortex on post-natal day 30; increased ratio of total protein/DNA and decreased ratio of membrane/total protein in the cerebral cortex; increased ChAT activity in the striatum; decreased HC3 binding in the striatum |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Chlorpyrifos Low doses tested: 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in DMSO and injected subcutaneously Exposure duration: gestational day 9 – gestational day 12 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to day 1 of week 5) Age of measurement: post-natal day 30 and 60 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Qiao D, Seidler FJ, Abreu-Villaca Y, Tate CA, Cousins MM, Slotkin TA. 2004. Chlorpyrifos exposure during neurulation: cholinergic synaptic dysfunction and cellular alterations in brain regions at adolescence and adulthood. Developmental Brain Research 148(1):43-52. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for ChlorpyrifosDecreased m2ACh receptor binding across all regions on post-natal day 60; increased ChAT activity and decreased HC-3 binding in the hippocampus; decreased DNA concentration on post-natal day 60 and general decreased on DNA content across adolescence and adulthood in the hippocampus |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Chlorpyrifos Low doses tested: 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in DMSO and injected subcutaneously Exposure duration: gestational day 9 – gestational day 12 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to day 1 of week 5) Age of measurement: post-natal day 30 and 60 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Qiao D, Seidler FJ, Abreu-Villaca Y, Tate CA, Cousins MM, Slotkin TA. 2004. Chlorpyrifos exposure during neurulation: cholinergic synaptic dysfunction and cellular alterations in brain regions at adolescence and adulthood. Developmental Brain Research 148(1):43-52. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for ChlorpyrifosIncreased 5HT and DA turn-over in the cerebral cortex |
Subjects: Sprague-Dawley rats Chemical: Chlorpyrifos Low doses tested: 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in DMSO and injected subcutaneously Exposure duration: gestational day 9 – gestational day 12 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to day 1 of week 5) Age of measurement: post-natal day 30 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Slotkin TA, Seidler FJ. 2007. Prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure elicits presynaptic serotonergic and dopaminergic hyperactivity at adolescence: critical periods for regional and sex-selective effects. Reprod Toxicol 23(3):421-427. |
| Study Results | Study Details | References |
Results for ChlorpyrifosImpaired performance on morris water maze requiring longer to complete the task. |
Subjects: HS/Ibg mice Chemical: Chlorpyrifos Low doses tested: 3.0 mg/kg bw/d Route of administration: dissolved in DMSO and injected subcutaneously Exposure duration: gestational day 9 – gestational day 18 (comparable to human prenatal development from approximately day 1 of week 3 to day 1 of week 11) Age of measurement: post-natal day 80 |
Reference [PubMed Link] Turgeman G, Pinkas A, Slotkin TA, Tfilin M, Langford R, Yanai J. 2011. Reversal of chlorpyrifos neurobehavioral teratogenicity in mice by allographic transplantation of adult subventricular zone-derived neural stem cells. J Neurosci Res 89(8):1185-1193. |